Home * Hardware

Basics

• Combinatorial Logic
• Memory
• Sequential Logic
• Von Neumann architecture

Special Purpose Hardware

Dedicated Chess Hardware

• Electro-Mechanical
• Analog Evaluation
• Integrated Circuits
• VLSI Design
• CHEOPS
• Berkeley Chess Microprocessor
• Dedicated Chess Computers

Programmable Logics

• PAL - Programmable array logic
• GAL - Generic array logic
• CPLD - Complex programmable Logic Device
• FPGA - Field-programmable gate array

Famous Chess Machines

• El Ajedrecista
• Belle
• HiTech
• ChipTest
• Deep Thought
• Deep Blue
• Hydra

General Purpose Hardware

Historic Computers

• Ferranti Mark 1
• MANIAC I
• IBM 704
• M-2
• JOHNNIAC

Mainframes

Amdahl

• Amdahl 470

CDC

• CDC 6600
• CDC Cyber

Cray

• Cray-1
• Cray X-MP
• Cray T3D
• Cray T3E

Honeywell

• Honeywell 6000 (GE-600)

IBM

• IBM 7090
• IBM 360
• IBM 370

ICL ...

• ICL 4/70
• Lomonosov Supercomputer
• M-20

PDP

• PDP-6
• PDP-10

Siemens/Fujitsu

• Siemens-System 7.800

TR

• TR-4
• TR 440

UNIVAC

• UNIVAC 418
• UNIVAC 494
• UNIVAC 1100

Massively Parallel

• Connection Machine
• nCUBE
• Paragon

Minis & Workstations

• HP 2100
• HP 3000
• HP 9000
• Interdata M85
• Nova
• PDP-1
• PDP-8
• PDP-11
• SMS 201
• SPARCstation
• Sun-1 - Sun-4
• VAX

Single Board Computers

• Arduino
• KIM-1
• pcDuino
• Raspberry Pi
• UDOO

Home Computers

Home- and Personal Computers

• Acorn Computers Ltd
  Acorn Atom
  BBC Micro
  Acorn Archimedes
• Amstrad CPC
• Apple computers
  Apple II
  Macintosh
• Atari 8-bit
  Atari ST
• Commodore PET
  Commodore VIC-20
  Commodore 64
  Commodore 128
  Amiga
• Gigatron
• IBM PC
• Sinclair ZX81
  ZX Spectrum
• TRS-80

Mobile Computers

from Wikipedia

• Handheld electronic game
• Handheld game console
• Mobile device
• Personal digital assistant
  Palm
• Mobile phone

µ-Processors & Controller

• PIC Microcontroller

8-bit

• Fairchild F8
• H8
• 8080 by Intel
• 6800 by Motorola
• 6502 by MOS Technology
• Z80 by Zilog

16-bit

• 8086 by Intel
• 80286 by Intel
• Z8000 by Zilog
• TMS-99000 by Texas Instruments
• 6809 by Motorola

32-bit

• x86 by Intel and AMD
• 68000 by Motorola (external 16 bit databus)
• 68020 by Motorola
• 68030 by Motorola
• ARM2 by Acorn Computers Ltd
• ARM6 by Advanced RISC Machines Ltd
• ARM11 by Advanced RISC Machines Ltd
• PowerPC by Apple, IBM and Motorola
• SPARC V7/V8 by Sun Microsystems

Transputer

• T800 by Inmos

64-bit

• DEC Alpha by Digital Equipment Corporation
• i860 by Intel
• Itanium by Intel
• x86-64 or x64 by AMD and Intel
• PowerPC 620 by Apple, IBM and Motorola
• PowerPC G5 by IBM
• SPARC V9 by Sun Microsystems

Misc

• GPU
• Sensory Board

Publications

1960 ...

• Martin H. Weik (1961). A Third Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems. Report No. 1115

1970 ...

• Gordon Bell, Allen Newell (1971). Computer Structures: Readings and Examples. McGraw-Hill, ISBN-13: 978-0070043572, amazon
• Ozalp Babaoglu (1977). Hardware implementation of the legal move generation and relative ordering functions for the game of chess. Master's thesis, University of California, Berkeley
• John Moussouris, Jack Holloway, Richard Greenblatt (1979). CHEOPS: A Chess-orientated Processing System. Machine Intelligence 9 (Jean Hayes Michie, Donald Michie and L.I. Mikulich editors) Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1979, pp. 351-360. Reprinted (1988) in Computer Chess Compendium » CHEOPS

1980 ...

• Joe Condon, Ken Thompson (1982). Belle Chess Hardware. Advances in Computer Chess 3, Reprinted (1988) in Computer Chess Compendium » Belle
• Carl Ebeling, Andrew James Palay (1984). The Design and Implementation of a VLSI Chess Move Generator. Proceedings of the 11th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture. IEEE and ACM.
• Carl Ebeling (1986). All the Right Moves: A VLSI Architecture for Chess. Ph.D. thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, MIT Press, ISBN 0-262-05035-8, amazon.com ^[1] » HiTech
• Feng-hsiung Hsu (1986). Two designs of functional units for VLSI based chess machines. Carnegie Mellon University, Computer Science Department. Paper 1566. » ChipTest
• Feng-hsiung Hsu (1987). A Two-Million Moves/Sec CMOS Single-Chip Chess Move Generator. IEEE J. of Solid-state Circuits, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 841-846.

1990 ...

• James Testa, Alvin M. Despain (1990). A CMOS VLSI chess microprocessor. University of California, Berkeley, IEEE Custom Integrated Circuit Conference
• Feng-hsiung Hsu, Murray Campbell, Joe Hoane (1995). Deep Blue System Overview. International Conference on Supercomputing, 1995: 240-244 » Deep Blue
• Yi-Fan Ke (1996). A parallel hardware architecture for accelerating computer chess system-平行電腦象棋系統架構之設計及研究. Ph.D. thesis, National Taiwan University
• Yi-Fan Ke, Tai-Ming Parng (1996). A Parallel Hardware Architecture for Accelerating α-β Game Tree. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, September, 1996, pp. 1232-1240
• Feng-hsiung Hsu (1999). IBM’s Deep Blue Chess Grandmaster Chips. IEEE Micro, Vol. 19, No. 2 (Mar-Apr), pp. 70-81. ISSN 0272-1732. pdf

2000 ...

• Marc Boulé (2002). An FPGA Move Generator for the Game of Chess. Masters thesis, McGill University, (Supervisor: Zeljko Zilic, Co-Supervisor: Monty Newborn), pdf
• Marc Boulé, Zeljko Zilic (2002). An FPGA Move Generator for the Game of Chess. ICGA Journal, Vol. 25, No. 2, pdf
• Chrilly Donninger, Ulf Lorenz (2004). The Chess Monster Hydra in Field Programmable Logic and Application, 14th International Conference, FPL 2004, Leuven, Belgium, August 30-September 1, 2004. Proceedings, pp 927-932. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, ISBN 978-3-540-22989-6, pdf
• Samuel T. King, Joseph Tucek, Anthony Cozzie, Chris Grier, Weihang Jiang, Yuanyuan Zhou (2008). Designing and Implementing Malicious Hardware. LEET 2008, pdf

Forum Posts

• Computer chess and processor speed in 20 years from now... by Chris, CCC, February 26, 2003
• hardware advances - a different perspective by Robert Hyatt, CCC, September 09, 2010
• old crafty vs new crafty on new hardware by Robert Hyatt, CCC, September 11, 2010 » Knowledge, Crafty
• Final results - Crafty - hardware vs software by Robert Hyatt, CCC, September 13, 2010 » Software, Crafty
• hardware doubling number for Crafty by Robert Hyatt, CCC, September 15, 2010 » Crafty
• Good question: What % improvement is hardware vs. software? by Jonathan Lee, CCC, January 17, 2014
• Moore's Law by Mark Lefler, CCC, March 16, 2016 ^{[2] [3]}
• The Gigatron project by Harm Geert Muller, CCC, December 06, 2017 » Gigatron

External Links

• Hardware (disambiguation) from Wikipedia
• Personal computer hardware from Wikipedia
• History of computing hardware from Wikipedia
• Minicomputer "Museum" by Carl Friend
• The Rhode Island Computer Museum
• The Personal Computer Museum, Brantford, Ontario, Canada - Computers
• Computer 50 - The University of Manchester Celebrates the Birth of the Modern Computer
• Moore's law from Wikipedia
• After Moore's law | Technology Quarterly | The Economist, March 12, 2016 ^[4]
• 8-bit color computer from TTL by Marcel van Kervinck, Hackaday.io, 2017 » Gigatron ^[5]

References

1. ^ Any opinion about this book?: "All the Right Moves" by E Diaz, CCC, January 02, 2012
2. ^ Moore's law from Wikipedia
3. ^ After Moore's law | Technology Quarterly | The Economist, March 12, 2016
4. ^ Moore's Law by Mark Lefler, CCC, March 16, 2016
5. ^ The Gigatron project by Harm Geert Muller, CCC, December 06, 2017

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