Genetic+Programming

is an [|evolutionary] based methodology inspired by [|biological evolution] to [|optimize] computer programs, in particular game playing programs. It is a machine learning technique used to optimize a population of programs, for instance to maximize the winning rate versus a set of opponents, after modifying evaluation weights or search parameter. || toc =Supersets= Genetic Programming is subset of a chain of subsequent fields in Artificial Intelligence. 
 * Home * Learning * Genetic Programming**
 * [[image:evolve1at.jpg link="http://www.genetic-programming.org/"]] ||~  || **Genetic Programming** (GP),
 * Genetic Programming ||~  ||^   ||

Genetic Algorithms
Genetic Programming is a specialization of [|genetic algorithms] (GA) where individuals are computer programs. This heuristic is routinely used to generate useful solutions to [|optimization] and search problems. A genetic algorithm requires:
 * 1) [|Genetic representation]
 * 2) [|Fitness function]

performing the [|Genetic operations] of
 * 1) [|Selection (genetic algorithm)]
 * 2) [|Fitness proportionate selection]
 * 3) [|Reward-based selection]
 * 4) [|Stochastic universal sampling]
 * 5) [|Tournament selection]
 * 6) [|Truncation selection]
 * 7) [|Crossover (genetic algorithm)]

PBIL
[|Population-based incremental learning] (PBIL) is a type of of genetic algorithm where the [|genotype] of an entire population (probability vector) is evolved rather than individual members. The algorithm was proposed by Shumeet Baluja in 1994. The algorithm is simpler than a standard genetic algorithm, and in many cases leads to better results than a standard genetic algorithm. 

Evolutionary Algorithms
Genetic algorithms belong to the larger class of [|evolutionary algorithms] (EA). An EA uses some mechanisms inspired by [|biological evolution]: [|reproduction], [|mutation], [|recombination], and [|selection]. EAs are individual components that participate in an artificial evolution (AE). 

Evolutionary Computation
An evolutionary algorithm (EA) is subset of [|evolutionary computation], a generic population-based [|metaheuristic] optimization algorithm. Evolutionary computation, introduced by John Henry Holland in the 1970s and more popular since 1990s mimics the population-based sexual evolution through reproduction of generations. 

Computational Intelligence
[|Computational Intelligence] (CI) is a set of Nature-inspired computational methodologies and approaches and field of Artificial Intelligence. It primarily includes [|many-valued logic] or [|Fuzzy logic], Neural Networks, Evolutionary Computation, [|swarm intelligence] and [|Artificial immune system].

=See also=
 * Artificial Intelligence
 * Automated Tuning
 * Differential Evolution in BBChess
 * Dynamic Programming
 * GA in Falcon
 * Simulated Annealing
 * Trial and Error

=Publications=

1950 ...

 * Nils Barricelli (**1954**). //Esempi numerici di processi di evoluzione//, Methodos, pp. 45-68, 1954
 * Nils Barricelli (**1957**). //Symbiogenetic evolution processes realized by artificial methods//. Methodos: 143–182.

1960 ...

 * Nils Barricelli (**1961**). //[|Numerical testing of evolution theories. Part I Theoretical introduction and basic tests]//. Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, [|Vanderbilt University], Nashville, Tennessee, [|Acta Biotheoretica], Springer Netherlands, ISSN: 0001-5342
 * Woodrow W. Bledsoe (**1962**). //An Analysis of Genetic Populations//. Technical Report, Panoramic Research Inc., Palo Alto, California.
 * Woodrow W. Bledsoe (**1962**). //The Evolutionary Method in Hill Climbing: Convergence Rates//. Technical Report, Panoramic Research, Inc., Palo Alto, California. » Hill Climbing
 * Nils Barricelli (**1963**). //[|Numerical testing of evolution theories. Part II preliminary tests of performance. symbiogenesis and terrestrial life]//. Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, [|Vanderbilt University], Nashville, Tennessee, [|Acta Biotheoretica], Springer Netherlands, ISSN: 0001-5342

1970 ...

 * John Henry Holland (**1975**). //Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems: An Introductory Analysis with Applications to Biology, Control, and Artificial Intelligence//. [|amazon.com]

1980 ...

 * John Maynard Smith (**1982**). //[|Evolution and the Theory of Games]//. Cambridge; New York, Cambridge University Press.
 * Robert Axelrod (**1987**). //The Evolution of Strategies in the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma//. in [|Lawrence D. Davis] (ed.) //[|Genetic Algorithms and Simulated Annealing]//. [|2001 reprint as pdf]
 * David E. Goldberg, John H. Holland (**1988**). //[|Genetic Algorithms and Machine Learning]//. [|Machine Learning 3], [|Kluwer Academic Publishers]
 * David E. Goldberg (**1989**). //Genetic algorithms in search, optimization, and machine learning//. [|Addison-Wesley]. [|amazon.com]
 * John Maynard Smith (**1989**). //Evolutionary Genetics//. Oxford; New York, Oxford University Press.
 * Greg M. Gupton (**1989**). //Genetic Learning Algorithm Applied to the Game of Othello//. Heuristic Programming in AI 1

1990 ...

 * [|John Koza] (**1990**). //Genetic Programming: A Paradigm for Genetically Breeding Populations of Computer Programs to Solve Problems//. Stanford University Computer Science Department technical report STAN-CS-90-1314, [|pdf]
 * David E. Goldberg (**1991**). //Real-coded genetic algorithms. Virtual alphabets, and blocking//. Complex Systems 5, pp. 139–167. [|pdf]
 * William Tunstall-Pedoe (**1991**). //Genetic Algorithms Optimizing Evaluation Functions//. ICCA Journal, Vol. 14, No. 3
 * [|John Koza] (**1992**). //Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection//. [|MIT Press], [|ISBN 0-262-11170-5]
 * Byoung-Tak Zhang, Heinz Mühlenbein (**1993**). //Evolving Optimal Neural Networks Using Genetic Algorithms with Occam's Razor//. [|Complex Systems], Vol. 7, [|pdf]
 * Shumeet Baluja (**1994**). //[|Population-Based Incremental Learning: A Method for Integrating Genetic Search Based Function Optimization and Competitive Learning]//. Technical Report Carnegie Mellon University (CMU–CS–94–163)
 * [|John Koza] (**1994**). //Genetic Programming II: Automatic Discovery of Reusable Programs//. [|MIT Press], [|ISBN 0-262-11189-6]
 * Deniz Yuret (**1994**). //[|From Genetic Algorithms To Efficient Optimization]//. Ms.C. Thesis, Supervisor: Patrick Henry Winston
 * Kurt Thearling, [|Thomas S. Ray] (**1994**). //[|Evolving Multi-cellular Artificial Life]//. [|Artificial Life IV], [|R. Brooks] and [|P. Maes] (eds.), [|MIT Press]
 * David E. Moriarty, Risto Miikkulainen (**1994**). //Evolving Neural Networks to focus Minimax Search//. AAAI-94, [|pdf]

1995 ...

 * Omar Syed (**1995**). //[|Applying Genetic Algorithms to Recurrent Neural Networks for Learning Network Parameters and Architecture]//, Masters Thesis, [|Case Western Reserve University]
 * Eric B. Baum, [|Dan Boneh], Charles Garrett (**1995**). //[|On Genetic Algorithms]//. [|COLT 1995]
 * Jean-Marc Alliot, Nicolas Durand (**1995**). //[|A Genetic Algorithm to Improve an Othello Program]//. [|Artificial Evolution], [|LNCS] 1063, [|Springer]
 * Pieter Spronck (**1996**). //Elegance: Genetic Algorithms in Neural Reinforcement Control//. Master thesis, Delft University of Technology, [|pdf]
 * Bjørnar Tessem (**1997**). //Genetic Algorithms for Analogical Mapping//. In [|David W. Aha] and [|Dietrich Wettschereck] (eds.) Beyond Classification of Feature Vectors. [|ECML-97], [|CiteSeerX]
 * Kurt Thearling, [|Thomas S. Ray] (**1997**). //[|Evolving Parallel Computation]//. [|Complex Systems], Vol. 10, No. 3
 * [|Volker Schnecke], Oliver Vornberger (**1997**). //Hybrid genetic algorithms for constrained placement problems//. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, [|pdf]
 * [|John Koza] et al. (Eds.) (**1998**). //Genetic Programming//. [|Morgan Kaufmann Publishers], [|ISBN 1-55860-548-7]
 * [|John Koza] et al. (**1999**). //Genetic Programming III: Darwinian Invention and Problem Solving//. [|Morgan Kaufmann], [|ISBN 1-55860-543-6]
 * Kumar Chellapilla, David B. Fogel (**1999**). //[|Evolution, Neural Networks, Games, and Intelligence]//. Proceedings of the IEEE, September, pp. 1471-1496. [|CiteSeerX]
 * [|Tim Taylor] (**1999**). //[|From Artificial Evolution to Artificial Life]//. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Edinburgh
 * Philip G. K. Reiser, Patricia J. Riddle (**1999**). //[|Evolving Logic Programs to Classify Chess-Endgame Positions]//. [|Simulated Evolution and Learning], [|Canberra], Australia. [|Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence], No. 1585, [|Springer], [|pdf] » Learning, Endgame

2000 ....

 * Ryszard Michalski (**2000**). //LEARNABLE EVOLUTION MODEL: Evolutionary Processes Guided by Machine Learning//. Machine Learning 38
 * 2001**
 * Eric B. Baum, [|Dan Boneh], Charles Garrett (**2001**). //[|Where Genetic Algorithms Excel]//. [|Evolutionary Computation], Vol. 9, No. 1
 * Lothar M. Schmitt (**2001**). //Theory of Genetic Algorithms//. [|Theoretical Computer Science], Vol. 259, Nos. 1-2
 * Krzysztof Krawiec (**2001**). //[|Genetic Programming with Local Improvement for Visual Learning from Examples]//. [|CAIP 2001]
 * 2002**
 * Yngvi Björnsson, Tony Marsland (**2002**). //Learning Control of Search Extensions//. Proceedings of the 6th Joint Conference on Information Sciences (JCIS 2002), pp. 446-449. [|pdf]
 * David E. Goldberg (**2002**). //The design of innovation: Lessons from and for competent genetic algorithms//. [|Kluwer Academic Publishers], [|google books], [|amazon.com]
 * Roderich Groß, Keno Albrecht, Wolfgang Kantschik, Wolfgang Banzhaf (**2002**). //Evolving Chess Playing Programs//. [|GECCO 2002], [|pdf]
 * Krzysztof Krawiec (**2002**). //[|Genetic Programming-based Construction of Features for Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery Tasks]//. [|Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, Vol. 3], No. 4
 * 2003**
 * Matthew Pratola, Thomas Wolf (**2003**). //[|Optimizing GOTOOLS' Search Heuristics using Genetic Algorithms]//. ICGA Journal, Vol. 26, No. 1 » Go
 * [|John Koza] et al. (**2003**). //Genetic Programming IV: Routine Human-Competitive Machine Intelligence//. Springer, [|ISBN 1-4020-7446-8]
 * David B. Fogel, Timothy J. Hays (**2003**). //[|New Results on Evolving Strategies in Chess]//. [|Applications and Science of Neural Networks, Fuzzy Systems, and Evolutionary Computation VI]
 * David Gleich (**2003**). //Machine Learning in Computer Chess: Genetic Programming and KRK//. [|Harvey Mudd College], [|pdf]
 * Wee Chong Oon, Yew Jin Lim (**2003**). //An Investigation on Piece Differential Information in Co-Evolution on Games Using Kalah.// Proceedings of the Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC2003), Vol. 3, pp. 1632-1638. ISBN 0-7803-7804-0, [|pdf]
 * Lothar M. Schmitt (**2003**). //Theory of Coevolutionary Genetic Algorithms//. [|ISPA 2003]
 * Krzysztof Krawiec, [|Bir Bhanu] (**2003**). //[|Coevolution and Linear Genetic Programming for Visual Learning]//. [|GECCO 2003]
 * 2004**
 * Adam Marczyk (**2004**) //[|Genetic Algorithms and Evolutionary Computation]//. [|TalkOrigins Archive]
 * Petr Aksenov (**2004**). //[|Genetic algorithms for optimising chess position scoring]//. Masters thesis, [|pdf]
 * David B. Fogel, Timothy J. Hays, Sarah L. Hahn, James Quon (**2004**). //[|A Self-Learning Evolutionary Chess Program]//. Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 92 No. 12, pp. 1947-1954, [|CiteSeerX]
 * Mathieu Autonès, Aryel Beck, Phillippe Camacho, Nicolas Lassabe, Hervé Luga, François Scharffe (**2004**). //[|Evaluation of Chess Position by Modular Neural network Generated by Genetic Algorithm]//. [|EuroGP 2004]

2005 ...

 * Ami Hauptman, Moshe Sipper (**2005**). //[|Analyzing the Intelligence of a Genetically Programmed Chess Player]//. [|GECCO 2005]
 * Ami Hauptman, Moshe Sipper (**2005**). //GP-EndChess: Using Genetic Programming to Evolve Chess Endgame Players//. [|EuroGP 2005], [|pdf]
 * David B. Fogel, Timothy J. Hays, Sarah L. Hahn, James Quon (**2005**). //Further Evolution of a Self-Learning Chess Program//. IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence & Games, [|CiteSeerX]
 * [|Kumara Sastry], David E. Goldberg, Graham Kendall (**2005**). //[|Genetic algorithms]//. Search Methodologies, [|Springer]
 * Kokolo Ikeda (**2005**). //Exemplar-based direct policy search with evolutionary optimization//. [|CEC 2005]
 * 2006**
 * Sylvain Gelly, Olivier Teytaud, Nicolas Bredèche, Marc Schoenauer (**2006**). //[|Universal Consistency and Bloat in GP]. Some theoretical considerations about Genetic Programming from a Statistical Learning Theory viewpoint.// [|pdf]
 * Nicolas Lassabe, Stéphane Sanchez, Hervé Luga, Yves Duthen (**2006**). //[|Genetically Programmed Strategies For Chess Endgame]//. [|GECCO 2006], [|pdf]
 * Borko Bošković, Sašo Greiner, Janez Brest, Viljem Žumer (**2006**). //[|A Differential Evolution for the Tuning of a Chess Evaluation Function]//. IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2006
 * Wolfgang Kantschik (**2006**). //Genetische Programmierung und Schach//. Ph.D. thesis, University of Dortmund, [|pdf] (German)
 * 2007**
 * Ami Hauptman, Moshe Sipper (**2007**). //Evolution of an Efficient Search Algorithm for the Mate-In-N Problem in Chess//. [|EuroGP 2007], [|pdf] » Mate Search
 * Moshe Sipper, [|Yaniv Azaria], Ami Hauptman, [|Yehonatan Shichel] (**2007**). //Designing an Evolutionary Strategizing Machine for Game Playing and Beyond//. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C, [|pdf]
 * Ami Hauptman (**2007**). //[|Evolving Machine Chess Players]//. EvoPhD 2007
 * Krzysztof Krawiec (**2007**). //[|Generative Learning of Visual Concepts using Multiobjective Genetic Programming]//. [|Pattern Recognition Letters], Vol. 28, No. 16
 * 2008**
 * Wojciech Jaśkowski, Krzysztof Krawiec, Bartosz Wieloch (**2008**). //Evolving Strategy for a Probabilistic Game of Imperfect Information using Genetic Programming//. Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, Vol. 9, No. 4, [|pdf]
 * Borko Bošković, Sašo Greiner, Janez Brest, Aleš Zamuda, Viljem Žumer (**2008**). //An Adaptive Differential Evolution Algorithm with Opposition-Based Mechanisms, Applied to the Tuning of a Chess Program//. [|Advances in Differential Evolution], Studies in Computational Intelligence, ISBN: 978-3-540-68827-3
 * Omid David, Moshe Koppel, Nathan S. Netanyahu (**2008**). //Genetic Algorithms for Mentor-Assisted Evaluation Function Optimization//. ACM Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference ([|GECCO '08]), pp. 1469-1475, Atlanta, GA, July 2008.
 * Pieter Spronck, Ida Sprinkhuizen-Kuyper, Eric Postma (**2008**). //Deca: the doping-Driven Evolutionary Control Algorithm//. [|Applied Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 22]
 * 2009**
 * Omid David, Jaap van den Herik, Moshe Koppel, Nathan S. Netanyahu (**2009**). //Simulating Human Grandmasters: Evolution and Coevolution of Evaluation Functions//. ACM Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference ([|GECCO '09]), pp. 1483 - 1489, [|Montreal], Canada
 * Omid David (**2009**). //Genetic Algorithms Based Learning for Evolving Intelligent Organisms//. Ph.D. Thesis
 * Ami Hauptman (**2009**). //Evolving Search Heuristics for Combinatorial Games with Genetic Programming//. [|Ben-Gurion University of the Negev]
 * Nur Merve Amil, Nicolas Bredèche, Christian Gagné, Sylvain Gelly, Marc Schoenauer, Olivier Teytaud (**2009**). //A Statistical Learning Perspective of Genetic Programming//. EuroGP 2009, [|pdf]
 * [|Ian Stewart], [|Wenying Feng], Selim Akl (**2009**). //[|A Further Improvement on a Genetic Algorithm]//. [|ITNG 2009]
 * [|Gang Chen], [|Chor Ping Low], Zhonghua Yang (**2009**). //Preserving and Exploiting Genetic Diversity in Evolutionary Programming Algorithms//. IEEE Transactions Evolutionary Computation, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 661-673
 * Yun Bao, [|Erbo Zhao], Xiaocong Gan, [|Dan Luo], Zhangang Han (**2009**). //A Review on Cutting-Edge Techniques in Evolutionary Algorithms//. [|5. ICNC 2009]

2010 ...

 * Dmitry Batenkov (**2010**). //[|Hands-on introduction to genetic programming]//. ACM Crossroads, Vol. 17, No. 1
 * Omid David, Moshe Koppel, Nathan S. Netanyahu (**2010**). //[|Expert-Driven Genetic Algorithms for Simulating Evaluation Functions]//.
 * Omid David, Nathan S. Netanyahu, Yoav Rosenberg and Moshe Shimoni (**2010**). //Genetic Algorithms for Automatic Classification of Moving Objects//. ACM Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference ([|GECCO '10]), [|Portland, OR]
 * Omid David, Moshe Koppel, Nathan S. Netanyahu (**2010**). //Genetic Algorithms for Automatic Search Tuning//. ICGA Journal, Vol. 33, No. 2
 * Jean-Baptiste Hoock, Olivier Teytaud (**2010**). //[|Bandit-Based Genetic Programming]//. 13th European Conference on Genetic Programming (2010), [|pdf]
 * Borko Bošković (**2010**). //[|Differential evolution for the Tuning of a Chess Evaluation Function]//. Ph.D. thesis, University of Maribor
 * James Glenn (**2010**). //Optimizing genetic algorithm parameters for a stochastic game//. [|ICEC 2010], pp. 199-206. SciTePress, ISBN 978-989-8425-31-7
 * Tomohiko Mitsuta, Lothar M. Schmitt (**2010**). //[|Optimizing the Performance of GNU-chess with a Genetic Algorithm]//. [|HC 2010], [|pdf] » GNU Chess
 * Kokolo Ikeda, [|Shigenobu Kobayashi], [|Hajime Kita] (**2010**). //[|Exemplar-Based Policy with Selectable Strategies and its Optimization Using GA]//. [|Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 25, No. 2]
 * Krzysztof Krawiec, Marcin Szubert (**2010**). //[|Coevolutionary Temporal Difference Learning for small-board Go]//. IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation
 * Edward P. Manning (**2010**). //[|Using Resource-Limited Nash Memory to Improve an Othello Evaluation Function]//. IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games, Vol. 2, No. 1 » Othello
 * Edward P. Manning (**2010**). //[|Coevolution in a Large Search Space using Resource-limited Nash Memory]//. [|GECCO '10] » Othello
 * 2011**
 * Borko Bošković, Janez Brest (**2011**). //Tuning Chess Evaluation Function Parameters using Differential Evolution//. Algorithm. Informatica, 35, No. 2, [|pdf]
 * Borko Bošković, Janez Brest, Aleš Zamuda, Sašo Greiner, Viljem Žumer (**2011**). //[|History mechanism supported differential evolution for chess evaluation function tuning]//. [|Soft Computing], Vol. 15, No. 4
 * Omid David, Moshe Koppel, Nathan S. Netanyahu (**2011**). //Expert-Driven Genetic Algorithms for Simulating Evaluation Functions//. Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines 12(1), pp. 5-20, [|pdf]
 * Eduardo Vázquez-Fernández, Carlos Artemio Coello Coello, Feliú Davino Sagols Troncoso (**2011**). //An Evolutionary Algorithm for Tuning a Chess Evaluation Function//. [|CEC 2011], [|pdf]
 * Eduardo Vázquez-Fernández, Carlos Artemio Coello Coello, Feliú Davino Sagols Troncoso (**2011**). //[|An Adaptive Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Typical Chess Problems for Tuning a Chess Evaluation Function]//. [|GECCO 2011], [|pdf]
 * Krzysztof Krawiec, Marcin Szubert (**2011**). //Learning N-Tuple Networks for Othello by Coevolutionary Gradient Search//. [|GECCO 2011], [|pdf]
 * Krzysztof Krawiec, Wojciech Jaśkowski, Marcin Szubert (**2011**). //[|Evolving small-board Go players using Coevolutionary Temporal Difference Learning with Archives]//. [|Applied Mathematics and Computer Science], Vol. 21, No. 4
 * Moshe Sipper (**2011**). //[|Evolved to Win]//. [|Lulu]
 * 2012**
 * [|Michael Orlov], Moshe Sipper, Ami Hauptman (**2012**). //[|Genetic and evolutionary algorithms and programming: General introduction and application to game playing]//. [|Computational Complexity], [|Springer New York]
 * Kokolo Ikeda, Simon Viennot, et al. (**2012**). //Adaptation of game AIs using Genetic Algorithm: Keeping variety and suitable strength//. [|ISIS 2012]
 * Paweł Liskowski (**2012**). //Co-Evolution versus Evolution with Random Sampling for Acquiring Othello Position Evaluation//. master's thesis, [|Poznań University of Technology], supervisor Wojciech Jaśkowski, [|pdf] » Othello
 * Marcin Szubert, Krzysztof Krawiec (**2012**). //[|Autonomous Shaping via Coevolutionary Selection of Training Experience]//. [|12. PPSN]
 * 2013**
 * Marcin Szubert, Wojciech Jaśkowski, Krzysztof Krawiec (**2013**). //[|On Scalability, Generalization, and Hybridization of Coevolutionary Learning: a Case Study for Othello]//. IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games, Vol. 5, No. 3 » Othello
 * Paweł Liskowski (**2013**). //[|Quantitative Analysis of the Hall of Fame Coevolutionary Archives]//. [|GECCO '13] Companion Proceedings
 * Marcin Szubert, Wojciech Jaśkowski, Paweł Liskowski, Krzysztof Krawiec (**2013**). //Shaping Fitness Function for Evolutionary Learning of Game Strategies//. [|GECCO 2013], [|pdf]
 * Wojciech Jaśkowski, Paweł Liskowski, Marcin Szubert, Krzysztof Krawiec (**2013**). //Improving Coevolution by Random Sampling//. [|GECCO 2013], [|pdf]
 * S. Ali Mirsoleimani, [|Ali Karami], [|Farshad Khunjush] (**2013**). //[|A parallel memetic algorithm on GPU to solve the task scheduling problem in heterogeneous environments]//. [|GECCO '13], [|pdf]
 * 2014**
 * Omid David, Jaap van den Herik, Moshe Koppel, Nathan S. Netanyahu (**2014**). //Genetic Algorithms for Evolving Computer Chess Programs//. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, [|pdf]
 * Wojciech Jaśkowski, Marcin Szubert, Paweł Liskowski (**2014**). //Multi-Criteria Comparison of Coevolution and Temporal Difference Learning on Othello//. [|EvoApplications 2014], [|Springer, volume 8602] » Othello
 * [|Ignacio Arnaldo], Krzysztof Krawiec, [|Una-May O'Reilly] (**2014**). //Multiple Regression Genetic Programming//. [|GECCO 2014], [|pdf]
 * Rahul A. R. (**2014**). //Phoenix : A Self Learning Chess Engine//. for the Award of M. Tech in Information Technology, [|International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore], [|Bangalore], advisor G. Srinivasaraghavan, [|pdf]

2015 ...

 * Rahul A. R., G. Srinivasaraghavan (**2016**). //Phoenix: A Self-Optimizing Chess Engine//. [|arXiv:1603.09051]

=Forum Posts=

1996 ...
> [|Re: Genetic Algorithms for Chess Evaluation Functions] by Jay Scott, rgcc, July 01, 1996
 * [|Genetic Algorithms for Chess Evaluation Functions] by Chris Mayer, rgcc, July 01, 1996
 * [|Evolutionary Evaluation] by Dan Homan, rgcc, September 09, 1997

2010 ...

 * [|Revisiting GA's for tuning evaluation weights] by Ilari Pihlajisto, CCC, January 03, 2010 » Automated Tuning
 * [|Training a Genetic algorithm?] by BlueAce, OpenChess Forum, December 25, 2012
 * [|Chessiverse @HGM] by Daniel Shawul, CCC, January 06, 2014
 * [|Eval tuning - any open source engines with GA or PBIL?] by Hrvoje Horvatic, CCC, December 04, 2014 » Automated Tuning

2015 ...
> [|Re: Genetical tuning] by Ferdinand Mosca, CCC, August 20, 2015
 * [|Genetical tuning] by Stefano Gemma, CCC, August 11, 2015 » Automated Tuning
 * [|Genetical learning (again)] by Stefano Gemma, CCC, April 03, 2016
 * [|Genetic optimization re-started] by Stefano Gemma, December 23, 2017

=External Links= > [|Genetic representation from Wikipedia] > [|Fitness function from Wikipedia] > [|Genetic operator from Wikipedia] > [|Selection (genetic algorithm) from Wikipedia] >> [|Fitness proportionate selection from Wikipedia] >> [|Reward-based selection from Wikipedia] >> [|Stochastic universal sampling from Wikipedia] >> [|Tournament selection from Wikipedia] >> [|Truncation selection from Wikipedia] > [|Crossover (genetic algorithm) from Wikipedia] > [|Population-based incremental learning from Wikipedia]
 * [|Genetic programming from Wikipedia]
 * [|genetic-programming.org-Home-Page]
 * [|llinois Genetic Algorithms Lab | Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Genetic Algorithm]
 * [|Genetic Algorithms] from [|Articles On Artificial Intelligence]
 * [|The Chessiverse: Evolution of Chess Programs] by Harm Geert Muller
 * [|Gene from Wikipedia]
 * [|Genetic algorithms]
 * [|Genetic algorithms from Wikipedia]
 * [|Evolutionary algorithms from Wikipedia]
 * [|Evolutionary algorithms - Scholarpedia]
 * [|Evolutionary computation from Wikipedia]
 * [|Computational intelligence from Wikipedia]
 * [|Biological evolution from Wikipedia]
 * [|Symbiogenesis from Wikipedia]
 * [|Category: Biological evolution from Wikipedia]
 * [|Differential evolution from Wikipedia]
 * [|Memetic algorithms from Wikipedia]
 * [|Optimization from Wikipedia]
 * [|Simulated annealing from Wikipedia]
 * [|Artificial life from Wikipedia]
 * [|Digital organism from Wikipedia]
 * [|The GP Tutorial]
 * [|Genetic Programming Bibliography entries] for Michèle Sebag
 * [|Survival of the fittest from Wikipedia]
 * [|Survival of the Fittest from Wikipedia] (The Headhunters album)

=References= =What links here?= include page="Genetic Programming" component="backlinks" limit="120"
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