Alen+Shapiro

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a British computer scientist, who as student of Donald Michie at Department of Machine Intelligence at University of Edinburgh, researched on [|Decision tree] algorithms and [|Decision tree learning] applied to chess. Alen Shapiro and Tim Niblett, another of Michie's students, adopted Ross Quinlan's [|Iterative Dichotomiser 3] (ID3) algorithm for processing complex data for other employment at the chessboard, while they overcame its disadvantage that it yielded massively unwieldy and incomprehensible decision-rules with //structured induction//, an interactive regime for generating machine-executable decision rules and configuring them into transparent concept-hierarchies. Niblett and Shapiro tested ID3 on the endgame of KPK, and found that decision trees generated by the algorithm 100% accurate.  =CLESS= In 1979/80, Alen Shapiro worked with Ivan Bratko and Zdenek Zdrahal on Pattern Recognition applied to Chess. In fact they used Bitboards, called [|cellular] 8x8 arrays, to implement their //Cellular logic processing emulator for chess// (CLESS). CLESS used three kinds of instructions to recognize simple and more complex chess patterns:
 * Alen David Shapiro**, (born 1956)
 * 1) bitwise boolean operations without any interactions between squares
 * 2) shifts as expand instructions
 * 3) fill-like propagation instructions, internally using the first two kinds of instructions and conditions in loops

=Chess Endgames= Quote by Maarten van Emden in //I remember Donald Michie// :

=Structured Induction= from [|computer chess: Information from Answers.com] :

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 * [[image:KRKPa7.JPG]] ||
 * Structured Induction Expert System ||

=AI as Sport= Quote by John McCarthy from //AI as Sport//  :

=Selected Publications=
 * Zdenek Zdráhal, Ivan Bratko, Alen Shapiro (**1981**). //[|Recognition of Complex Patterns Using Cellular Arrays]//. [|The Computer Journal, Vol. 24, No. 3]
 * Alen Shapiro, Tim Niblett (**1982**). //Automatic Induction of Classification Rules for Chess End game.// Advances in Computer Chess 3
 * Alen Shapiro (**1983**). //The Role of Structured Induction in Expert Systems//. University of Edinburgh, Machine Intelligence Research Unit (Ph.D. thesis)
 * Alen Shapiro, Donald Michie (**1986**). //A Self-commenting Facility for Inductively Synthesised Endgame Expertise//. Advances in Computer Chess 4
 * Alen Shapiro (**1987**). //Structured Induction in Expert Systems//. Turing Institute Press in association with Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Workingham, UK. ISBN 0-201-178133. [|amazon].

=External Links=
 * [|UCI Machine Learning Repository: Chess (King-Rook vs. King-Pawn) Data Set] by Alen Shapiro

=References= =What links here?= include page="Alen Shapiro" component="backlinks" limit="40"
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