John+McCarthy

was an American researcher in computer science and pioneer in the field of artificial intelligence. After short-term appointments at Princeton, Stanford, Dartmouth, and MIT, John McCarthy became a full professor at Stanford in 1962, where he remained until his retirement at the end of 2000. In 1971 John McCarthy received the [|Turing Award] for his major AI contributions.
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 * [[image:jmcbw.jpg link="http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/personal.html"]] ||~  || **John McCarthy**, (September 4, 1927 - October 23, 2011 )

In 1955 McCarthy co-organized the [|Dartmouth Conference], where he coined the term Artificial intelligence, and introduced the idea of the Alpha-beta algorithm, to become their eponym. Alpha-beta was also approximated by Herbert Simon with Allen Newell and Arthur Samuel and was released to the public by Daniel Edwards and Timothy Hart in 1961 and independently by Alexander Brudno in 1963. In 1958 at MIT John McCarthy created the Lisp programming language. || toc =Photos= Claude Shannon, John McCarthy, Ed Fredkin and [|Joseph Weizenbaum] (1966) || Soviet-American computer science conference, [|Urgench], 1979 ||
 * John McCarthy ||~   ||^   ||
 * [[image:JohnMcCarthy.jpg width="592" link="http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/index.php"]] ||
 * John McCarthy, playing chess at Stanford's IBM 7090, 1967  ||
 * [[image:ShannonMcCarthyFredkinWeizenbaum.jpg width="592" height="336" link="http://www.ilmarefilm.org/W_E_4_70.htm"]] ||
 * [[image:ShannonMcCarthyFredkinWeizenbaum.jpg width="592" height="336" link="http://www.ilmarefilm.org/W_E_4_70.htm"]] ||
 * [[image:AdelsonVelskyMcCarthy.jpg width="592" link="http://www.forevermissed.com/georgy-m-adelson-velsky/gallery#gallery%2Fphotos%2F350356"]] ||
 * Georgy Adelson-Velsky and John McCarthy playing chess,
 * Georgy Adelson-Velsky and John McCarthy playing chess,

=Kotok-McCarthy= Between 1959 and 1962, students of John McCarthy at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Alan Kotok, Elwyn Berlekamp (1960), Michael A. Lieberman, Charles Niessen and Robert A. Wagner, wrote a chess program for the IBM 7090. When McCarthy left MIT to take charge of the Arificial Intelligence Laboratory at Stanford, he took Kotok's program with him and improved it's searching. In 1965, McCarthy visited the Soviet Union and was challenged by Alexander Kronrod for a computer chess match. At the end of 1966 the four game match began between the Kotok-McCarthy-Program, running on a IBM 7090 computer, and a program developed at the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) in Moscow which used a Soviet M-2 computer. The match played over nine months was won 3-1 by the The ITEP program.

=Quotes=

Alpha-Beta
Quote by John McCarthy from //Human-Level AI is harder than it seemed in 1955// : include page="Quote McCarthy"

What is AI?
Quote by John McCarthy from //What is Artificial Intelligence//? : include page="Quote McCarthy on AI" =Selected Publications=

1955 ...

 * John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, Claude Shannon (**1955**). //[|A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence]//.
 * Claude Shannon, John McCarthy (eds.) (**1956**). //Automata Studies//. Annals of Mathematics Studies Number 34, [|Google books], [|oldcomputerbooks.com]
 * John McCarthy (**1956**). //[|Inversion of Functions Defined by Turing Machines]//, [|pdf]
 * John McCarthy (**1958**). //An Algebraic Language for the Manipulation of Symbolic Expressions//. Memo No. 1, Artificial Intelligence Project, [|RLE] and MIT Computation Center, [|pdf] hosted by The Computer History Museum, Courtesy of [|Tom Knight]
 * John McCarthy (**1958**). //A Revised Version of "MAPLIST"//. Memo 2, Symbol Manipulating Language, Artificial Intelligence Project, [|RLE] and MIT Computation Center
 * John McCarthy (**1958**). //Symbol Manipulating Language - Revisions of the Language//. MIT AI Lab., Memo No. 3, Artificial Intelligence Project, [|RLE] and MIT Computation Center, [|pdf] hosted by The Computer History Museum, Courtesy of [|Tom Knight]
 * John McCarthy (**1958**). //Symbol Manipulating Language - Revisions of the Language//. MIT AI Lab., Memo No. 4, Artificial Intelligence Project, [|RLE] and MIT Computation Center, [|pdf] hosted by The Computer History Museum, Courtesy of [|Tom Knight]
 * John McCarthy (**1959**). //[|Programs with Common Sense]//, [|pdf]

1960 ...

 * John McCarthy (**1960**). //Recursive Functions of Symbolic Expressions and Their Computation by Machine, Part I//. [|pdf], the original paper on Lisp.
 * John McCarthy, Paul W. Abrahams, Daniel J. Edwards, Timothy P. Hart, Michael I. Levin (**1962**) //LISP 1.5 Programmer's Manual//. The M.I.T. Press, 1962, second edition (1985) [|pdf]
 * John McCarthy, James Painter (**1967**). //[|Correctness of a Compiler for Arithmetic Expressions]//, [|pdf]

1970 ...

 * John McCarthy (**1979**). //[|History of Lisp]//. Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Stanford University

1980 ...

 * John McCarthy (**1989**). //The Fruitfly on the Fly//. ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 4

1990 ...

 * John McCarthy (**1990**). //Chess as the Drosophila of AI.// Computers, Chess, and Cognition
 * John McCarthy and Edward Feigenbaum (**1991**). //In Memoriam. Arthur L. Samuel: Pioneer in Machine Learning.// ICCA Journal, Vol. 14, No. 1 » Arthur Samuel
 * John McCarthy (**1996**). //The Mutilated Checkerboard in Set Theory//, available as 2001 [|pdf reprint]
 * John McCarthy (**1997**). //[|AI as Sport].// Science, Vol. 276, June 6, pp. 1518-1519.
 * John McCarthy (**1997**). //Chess as the Drosophila of AI//. Computer Science Department, Stanford University, condensed version of the 1990 paper, [|pdf]

2010 ...

 * [|Johan van Benthem] (**2011**). //John McCarthy (1927-2011)//. ICGA Journal, Vol. 34, No. 4

=See also=
 * Artificial Intelligence
 * History of Computer Chess
 * History of Alpha-Beta
 * Kotok-McCarthy-Program
 * Stanford-ITEP Match
 * The History of Computer Chess - an AI Perspective - Video
 * The Levy Bet

=External Links= > [|John McCarthy Photo Essay - A.M. Turing Award Winner] > media type="youtube" key="Ozipf13jRr4" width="560"
 * [|John McCarthy's Home Page]
 * [|John McCarthy from Wikipedia]
 * [|The Mathematics Genealogy Project - John McCarthy]
 * [|Fellow Awards | John McCarthy] from The Computer History Museum
 * [|John McCarthy - A.M. Turing Award Winner]
 * [|AI as Sport] by John McCarthy
 * [|Making Computer Chess Scientific] by John McCarthy
 * [|Father of Lisp and AI John McCarthy has died • The Register] by [|Iain Thomson], October 24, 2011
 * [|John McCarthy obituary] by [|Jack Schofield], [|guardian.co.uk], October 25, 2011
 * [|Stanford's John McCarthy, seminal figure of artificial intelligence, dies at 84] by [|Andrew Myers], October 25, 2011
 * [|In memoriam of John McCarthy] by Mel Cooper, CCC, October 26, 2011
 * [|Breaking News for 2011 - "Obituary: Emeritus Professor John McCarthy of Stanford University [1927 - -2011"]] by L. Stephen Coles
 * John McCarthy (1927-2011): Artificial Intelligence - [|Thinking Allowed] by [|Jeffrey Mishlove] (1989), [|YouTube] Video

=References= =What links here?= include page="John McCarthy" component="backlinks" limit="100"
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