Point+Value

a piece relative value concerning its relative strength in potential exchanges based on human experience and learning. Common rule of thumb are the {1, 3, 3, 5, 9} point values for pawn (1), knight, bishop, rook and queen, also proposed by Claude Shannon in his 1949 paper //Programming a Computer for Playing Chess//. In the evaluation of a chess program, the balance of material, the aggregated point values for both sides, is usually the most influential term. || toc =Theoretical Attempt= Jack Good in his //Five-Year Plan for Automatic Chess, Appendix F// :  =Basic values= Measured in units of a fraction of a pawn, for instance the common centipawn scale, allows positional features of the position, worth less than a single pawn, to be evaluated without requiring fractions but a fixed point score. Sample point values from various sources over the time, most were used in concrete chess programs.
 * Home * Chess * Pieces * Point Value**
 * [[image:199px-Wassily_Kandinsky_-_Points_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg link="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wassily_Kandinsky,_1920_-_Points.jpg"]] ||~ || **Point Value**,
 * Wassily Kandinsky, Points ||~ ||^ ||


 * ~ Source ||~  ||~ Year ||~   ||~ Pawn ||~   ||~ Knight ||~   ||~ Bishop ||~   ||~ Rook ||~   ||~ Queen ||
 * H. S. M. Coxeter ||~  ||~ 1940 ||~   ||>  ||~   ||> 300 ||~   ||> 350 ||~   ||> 550 ||~   ||> 1000 ||
 * Max Euwe and Hans Kramer ||~  ||~ 1944 ||~   ||> 100 ||~   ||> 350 ||~   ||> 350 ||~   ||> 550 ||~   ||> 1000 ||
 * < Claude Shannon ||~  ||~ 1949 ||~   ||> 100 ||~   ||> 300 ||~   ||> 300 ||~   ||> 500 ||~   ||> 900 ||
 * Alan Turing ||~  ||~ 1953 ||~   ||> 100 ||~   ||> 300 ||~   ||> 350 ||~   ||> 500 ||~   ||> 1000 ||
 * < Mac Hack ||~  ||~ 1967 ||~   ||> 100 ||~   ||> 325 ||~   ||> 350 ||~   ||> 500 ||~   ||> 975 ||
 * < Chess 4.5 ||~  ||~ 1977 ||~   ||> 100 ||~   ||> 325 ||~   ||> 350 ||~   ||> 500 ||~   ||> 900 ||
 * < Tomasz Michniewski ||~  ||~ 1995 ||~   ||> 100 ||~   ||> 320 ||~   ||> 330 ||~   ||> 500 ||~   ||> 900 ||
 * < Hans Berliner ||~   ||~ 1999 ||~   ||> 100 ||~   ||> 320 ||~   ||> 333 ||~   ||> 510 ||~   ||> 880 ||
 * < Larry Kaufman ||~  ||~ 1999 ||~   ||> 100 ||~   ||> 325 ||~   ||> 325 ||~   ||> 500 ||~   ||> 975 ||
 * < Fruit and others ||~  ||~ 2005 ||~   ||> 100 ||~   ||> 400 ||~   ||> 400 ||~   ||> 600 ||~   ||> 1200 ||
 * < Larry Kaufman ||~  ||~ 2012 ||~   ||> 100 ||~   ||> 350 ||~   ||> 350 ||~   ||> 525 ||~   ||> 1000 ||

The king value is often assigned a large constant such as 10000 centipaws, which is important to avoid king captures in certain implementations of SEE.  =Reciprocal piece values= Concerning a piece controlling a square, its value of attack might be considered as [|inverse proportional] to its point value, which is an issue in aggregating of mobility or square control terms of different pieces.

=Samples=
 * Material in SOMA
 * Piece Coding in Gambiet
 * Point Values in Komodo
 * Point Values in LL Chess
 * Point Values in MicroChess
 * Point Values in Turochamp

=See also=
 * Experiments with Chess by Jens Christensen and Richard Korf
 * Fixed Point Score
 * Influence Quantity of Pieces
 * Material
 * Piece-Square Tables
 * Point Value by Regression Analysis by Vladimir Medvedev
 * Simplified evaluation function by Tomasz Michniewski

=Publications=
 * H. M. Taylor (**1876**). //[|On the Relative Values of the Pieces in Chess]//. [|Philosophical Magazine], Series 5, Vol. 1, pp. 221-229
 * Max Euwe, Hans Kramer (**1944, 1977**). //Het middenspel, deel 1-4//. Spectrum, Utrecht
 * Claude Shannon (**1949**). //[|Programming a Computer for Playing Chess]//. Philosophical Magazine, Ser. 7, Vol. 41, No. 314 - March 1950, [|pdf] from The Computer History Museum
 * Alan Turing (**1953**). //**Chess**//. part of the collection //Digital Computers Applied to Games//, in [|Bertram Vivian Bowden] (editor), [|Faster Than Thought], a symposium on digital computing machines, reprinted 1988 in Computer Chess Compendium, reprinted 2004 in //The Essential Turing//, [|google books]
 * Jack Good (**1968**). //A Five-Year Plan for Automatic Chess - Appendix F. The Value of the Pieces and Squares//. [|Machine Intelligence Vol. 2]
 * Jens Christensen, Richard Korf (**1986**). //A Unified Theory of Heuristic Evaluation functions and Its Applications to Learning.// Proceedings of the [|AAAI-86], pp. 148-152, [|pdf]
 * Larry Kaufman (**1994**). //The Relative Value of the Pieces//. Computer Chess Reports, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 33
 * Don Beal, Martin C. Smith (**1997**). //Learning Piece Values Using Temporal Differences//. ICCA Journal, Vol. 20, No. 3
 * Hans Berliner (**1999**). //The System: A World Champion's Approach to Chess//. [|Gambit Publications], ISBN 1-901983-10-2
 * Sacha Droste, Johannes Fürnkranz (**2008**). //Learning of Piece Values for Chess Variants.// Technical Report TUD–KE–2008-07, Knowledge Engineering Group, TU Darmstadt, [|pdf]
 * Sacha Droste, Johannes Fürnkranz (**2008**). //Learning the Piece Values for three Chess Variants//. ICGA Journal, Vol. 31, No. 4
 * Kunihito Hoki, Tomoyuki Kaneko (**2011**). //[|The Global Landscape of Objective Functions for the Optimization of Shogi Piece Values with a Game-Tree Search]//. Advances in Computer Games 13 » Shogi

=Forum Posts=

1993 ...

 * [|deriving piece values from mobility] by Barney Pell, rgc, August 09, 1993
 * [|Value of the pieces] by Joost de Heer, rgc, February 01, 1995 » Influence Quantity of Pieces
 * [|Chess in BASIC?] by William H. Rogers, CCC, August 28, 1998 » Basic

2000 ...

 * [|A Piece Value Question] by laocmo, rgcc, January 12, 2000
 * [|piece values] by Toni, CCC, December 30, 2003
 * [|Piece Values in the Endgame] by Guy Haworth, CCC, February 11, 2004 » Endgame

2005 ...

 * [|Re: 2005 National Computer Chess Championships] by Shaun Press, [|Chess Chat], July 17, 2005 » NC3 2005
 * [|Relative Piece Values] by Mark Lefler, CCC, April 09, 2009

2010 ...

 * [|Stockfish Code ( Piece Value's)] by Nolan Denson, CCC, January 10, 2012
 * [|Why Knight and (lone) Bishop are so nearly equal in value] by Harm Geert Muller, CCC, September 25, 2012
 * [|What is the correct value of the pieces?] by Roberto Munter, CCC, October 10, 2012
 * [|The value of a pawn] by Evert Glebbeek, CCC, March 28, 2013

2015 ...
> [|Re: Pawn value estimation] by Larry Kaufman, CCC, May 09, 2015
 * [|Piece Value - Human vs. Computer] by Sean Evans, CCC, April 19, 2015
 * [|Piece weights with regression analysis (in Russian)] by Vladimir Medvedev, CCC, April 30, 2015 » Point Value by Regression Analysis
 * [|Pawn value estimation] by Dann Corbit, CCC, May 04, 2015
 * [|Xiangqi piece value model] by Evert Glebbeek, CCC, May 29, 2016 » Xiangqi
 * [|Approximating Stockfish's Evaluation by PSQTs] by Thomas Dybdahl Ahle, CCC, August 23, 2017 » Regression, Piece-Square Tables, Stockfish
 * [|'ab-initio' piece values] by Harm Geert Muller, CCC, March 30, 2018 » Piece-Square Tables

=External Links=
 * [|Chess piece relative value from Wikipedia]
 * [|Centipawn - WikiChess]
 * [|About the Values of Chess Pieces] by Ralph Betza
 * [|The joys of chess – and the value of the pieces], ChessBase News, December 21, 2011

=References= =What links here?= include page="Point Value" component="backlinks" limit="100"
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