Cray+X-MP

a [|supercomputer] designed, manufactured and marketed by [|Cray Research Inc.], announced in 1982 as successor of the Cray-1. It was the world's fastest computer from 1983 to 1985. Its principal designer was [|Steve Chen]. The X-MP's main improvement over the Cray-1 was a shared-memory, parallel [|vector processor], housing two [|CPUs] in a mainframe that was nearly identical in outside appearance to the Cray-1. The X-MP CPU had a faster 9.5 nanosecond clock cycle (105 MHz), compared to 12.5 ns for the Cray-1. It was built from [|bipolar] [|gate array] integrated circuits containing 16 [|emitter-coupled logic gates] each, and was very similar to the Cray-1 CPU in architecture, and object-code compatible. In 1984, improved models of the X-MP were announced, consisting of up to four-processor systems. || toc =Cray-2= The **Cray-2** was a supercomputer with four vector processors built with emitter-coupled logic starting in 1985. It was the fastest machine in the world when it was released, replacing the Cray X-MP in that spot.  =Cray Y-MP= X-MP successor **Cray Y-MP** was sold by Cray Research from 1988, retained software compatibility with the X-MP, but extended the address registers from 24 to 32 bits. The Y-MP could be equipped with two, four or eight vector processors.  =Cray C90= The Cray **C90** series (Y-MP C90) was a vector processor supercomputer launched by Cray Research in 1991. The series included the C94, C98 and C916 models with a maximum of four, eight, and 16 processors respectively.
 * Home * Hardware * Cray X-MP**
 * [[image:3-2b.LLNL.Cray_Blitz.Nelson-Harry.19XX.L062302003.LLNL.srcl.lg.jpg width="300" link="http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-431e1a07bbf20"]] ||~   || **Cray X-MP**,
 * Harry Nelson in front of a Cray X-MP ||~  ||^   ||

=Chess Programs=
 * Cray Blitz
 * Lachex

=See also=
 * Cray-1
 * Cray T3D
 * Cray T3E
 * Dynamic Tree Splitting

=Manuals=
 * [|The Cray X-MP Series of Computer Systems] (pdf)
 * [|CAL Assembly Reference Manual] (pdf)

=Publications=
 * [|Steve S. Chen], [|Jack J. Dongarra], [|Christopher C. Hsiung] (**1984**). //Multiprocessing linear algebra algorithms on the CRAY X-MP-2: Experiences with small granularity//. [|Journal of Parallel Distributed Computing], Vol. 1, No. 2, [|pdf]
 * Harry Nelson (**1984**). //How We Won The Computer Chess World's Championship//. Excerpt from a talk given at he DAS Computer Science Colloquium, [|pdf] from The Computer History Museum » WCCC 1983
 * Robert Hyatt (**1985**). //Parallel Chess on the Cray X-MP/48//. ICCA Journal, Vol. 8, No. 2
 * Robert Hyatt (**1988**). //A High-Performance Parallel Algorithm to Search Depth-First Game Trees//. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham
 * [|Melvin C. August], [|Gerald M. Brost], [|Christopher C. Hsiung], [|Alan J. Schiffleger] (**1989**). //[|Cray X-MP: The Birth of a Supercomputer]//. IEEE Computer, Vol. 22, No. 1
 * Robert Hyatt, Bruce W. Suter, Harry Nelson (**1989**). //A Parallel Alpha-Beta Tree Searching Algorithm//. Parallel Computing, Vol. 10, No. 3.
 * Robert Hyatt, Harry Nelson (**1990**). //[|Chess and supercomputers: details about optimizing Cray Blitz]//. [|Supercomputing '90], [|pdf]
 * Robert Hyatt (**1994**). //[|The DTS high-performance parallel tree search algorithm]//.» Dynamic Tree Splitting
 * Robert Hyatt (**1997**). //[|The Dynamic Tree-Splitting Parallel Search Algorithm]//. ICCA Journal, Vol. 20, No. 1

=Forum Posts=
 * [|hardware of Cray Blitz] by Leonid, CCC, June 13, 1999 » WCCC 1983
 * [|Cray and supercomputers (kinda long)] by Joshua Shriver, CCC, September 16, 2005
 * [|Cray Blitz source (Carey)] by Robert Hyatt, CCC, September 10, 2008

=External Links= > [|Company History | Cray]
 * [|Cray X-MP from Wikipedia]
 * [|Category: Cray X-MP - Wikimedia Commons]
 * [|Cray (brand) from Wikipedia]
 * [|Cray, the Supercomputer Company | Cray"]
 * [|Cray Super Computers - Cray XMP]
 * [|CRAY X-MP/48] from [|SCD Supercomputer Gallery]
 * [|High Performance Computer Architectures: A Historical Perspective - The CRAY X-MP]
 * [|Cray-2 from Wikipedia]
 * [|Cray Y-MP from Wikipedia]
 * [|Cray C90 from Wikipedia]

=References= =What links here?= include page="Cray X-MP" component="backlinks" limit="80"
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