William+Chase

was an American psychologist and professor at Carnegie Mellon University, who gained recognition for his experiments demonstrating that good memory is an acquired skill. He researched with Herbert Simon on [|Perception] and [|Skill] in Chess, and co-authored three publications on that topic in 1973. William G. Chase died in December 1983 while jogging, aged 43. || toc =Perception in Chess= William Chase and Herbert Simon tested chess player's memories of positions of games versus random positions. In all game positions, performance on this test declined as the player's chess rating declined. At random positions, all levels of players did approximately the same, while more recent research conclusion is that chess masters do slightly better with random positions than weaker players as well. However, this suggests that the higher-ranked players are able to use some form of chunking that allows them to rapidly encode macro features of the positions. For instance, even a mediocre player would be able to encode the six pieces comprising a castled king and rook, fianchettoed bishop and three surrounding pawns as a set, while a beginner would be forced to remember these separately.
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 * [[image:WGChase.JPG link="http://www.psy.cmu.edu:16080/chasesymposium/"]] ||~ || **William G. (Bill) Chase**, (July 23, 1940 - December 16, 1983)
 * William G. Chase ||~ ||^ ||

Criticism
Alexandre Linhares and Anna Elizabeth T. A. Freitas in their 2010 paper, abstract :

Defense
Counter critique by Peter Lane and Fernand Gobet in 2011, abstract :

Neil Charness
Neil Charness in 2012, abstract

Questioning
Alexandre Linhares et al. in 2012, abstract :

=Quotes=

Herbert Simon
Herbert A. Simon

Hans Berliner
Hans Berliner in //A Life's Appraisal// :

=See also=
 * Cognition
 * Psychology

=Selected Publications=
 * William Chase (**1969**) //Parameters of visual and memory search//. Ph.D. thesis, [|University of Wisconsin-Madison]
 * William Chase, Herbert Simon (**1973**). //[|The Mind’s Eye in Chess]//. Visual Information Processing: Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Carnegie Psychology Symposium (ed. W. G. Chase), pp. 215-281. Academic Press, New York. Reprinted (**1988**) in Readings in Cognitive Science (ed. A.M. Collins). Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA.
 * William Chase, Herbert Simon (**1973**). //[|Perception in chess]//. [|Cognitive Psychology], Vol. 4, No. 1, [|pdf]
 * Herbert Simon, William Chase (**1973**). //Skill in Chess//. [|American Scientist], Vol. 61, No. 4, Reprinted (**1988**) in Computer Chess Compendium, [|pdf]
 * William Chase, [|Don R. Lyon], K. Anders Ericsson (**1980**). //Individual Differences in Memory Span//. [|pdf]
 * William Chase, K. Anders Ericsson (**1982**). //Skill and working memory//. In [|G. H. Bower] (Ed.), [|The psychology of learning and motivation, (Vol. 16)]. New York: Academic Press
 * Herbert Simon (**1985**). //[|Obituary: William G. Chase (1940–1983)]//. [|American Psychologist], Vol. 40, No. 5

=External Links= > media type="youtube" key="rWuJqCwfjjc" height="360" width="480"
 * [|36th Carnegie Symposium on Cognition - Expertise and Skill Acquisition: The Impact of William G. Chase, June 2-3, 2009]
 * [|Cognitive psychology from Wikipedia]
 * [|Expert from Wikipedia]
 * [|Memory span from Wikipedia]
 * [|Software Carpentry:Style (Version 1107) - Seven Plus or Minus, The Mind's Eye] © 2005-06 [|Python Software Foundation]
 * [|Working memory from Wikipedia]
 * [|The Invisible Gorilla | How experts recall chess positions] by [|Daniel Simons], February 15, 2012
 * Memory for chess positions (featuring grandmaster [|Patrick Wolff]), [|YouTube] Video by [|Daniel Simons] and Christopher Chabris

=References= =What links here?= include page="William Chase" component="backlinks" limit="80"
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