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=History of Computer Chess= About ancient programs, computer chess pioneers and chess programming history.

Early Theorists
1871 - 1953 ||~  ||~   ||  || Norbert Wiener 1894 - 1964 || 1903 - 1957 ||~  ||~   ||  || Konrad Zuse 1910 - 1995 || 1912 - 1954 ||~  ||~   ||  || Claude Shannon 1916 - 2001 ||
 * [[image:Zermelo.jpeg width="100" height="120" link="Ernst Zermelo"]] || Ernst Zermelo
 * [[image:JvNeumann.jpg width="100" height="113" link="John von Neumann"]] || John von Neumann
 * [[image:Alan_Turing_photo.jpg width="100" link="Alan Turing"]] || Alan Turing

Famous Historic Computers and Programs
Transposition Table, Opening Book ||
 * ~  ||~ Computer - Program ||~ Author(s) ||~ year ||~ Features ||
 * ~  || El Ajedrecista || Leonardo Torres y Quevedo ||> 1912 ||< Electro-mechanical KRK Solver ||
 * ~  || Turochamp || Alan Turing, David Champernowne || 1948 || "paper machine" ||
 * ~  || Machiavelli || Donald Michie, Shaun Wylie || 1948 || "paper machine" ||
 * ~  || Nemes' Chess Machine || Tihamér Nemes ||> 1949 ||< Design of electro-mechanical Mate-in-two Solver ||
 * ~  || Shannon's Chess Machine || Claude Shannon ||> 1950 ||< Relay-based chess machine ||
 * ~  || Mate-in-two || Dietrich Prinz ||> 1951 ||< Mate-in-two Solver ||
 * ~  || MANIAC I || Stanislaw Ulam et al. ||> 1956 ||< [|Los Alamos chess] 6*6 board ||
 * ~  || The Bernstein Chess Program || Alex Bernstein et al. ||> 1958 ||< Shannon Type B ||
 * ~  || NSS Chess Program || Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon ||> 1958 ||< Shannon Type B, Alpha-Beta approx. ||
 * ~  || Kotok-McCarthy-Program || Alan Kotok, John McCarthy et al. ||> 1962 ||< Shannon Type B, Alpha-Beta ||
 * ~  || ITEP Chess Program || Georgy Adelson-Velsky et al. || 1963 ||< Shannon Type A, Alpha-Beta ||
 * ~  || The Greenblatt Chess Program || Richard Greenblatt et al. ||> 1967 ||< Shannon Type B,
 * ~  || The Technology Chess Program || James Gillogly et al. ||> 1970 ||< Shannon Type A, Pondering ||
 * ~  || Kaissa || Mikhail Donskoy et al. ||> 1970 ||< Shannon Type A, Bitboards, Null Move Pruning ||
 * ~  || Chess 4.0 || David Slate, Larry Atkin ||> 1973 ||< Shannon Type A, Bitboards ||
 * ~  || Belle || Ken Thompson and Joe Condon ||> 1978 ||< Shannon Type A, Chess Hardware ||
 * ~  || Cray Blitz || Robert Hyatt, Albert Gower, Harry Nelson ||> 1983 ||< Shannon Type A, Dynamic Tree Splitting ||
 * ~  || HiTech || Hans Berliner et al. ||> 1985 ||< Alpha-Beta or B*, Chess Hardware ||
 * ~  || Deep Thought || Feng-hsiung Hsu et al. ||> 1986 ||< Shannon Type A, Chess Hardware ||

Famous Matches
> The Machine
 * Stanford-ITEP Match
 * Levy versus Chess 1978
 * Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1996
 * Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1997

Tournaments

 * ACM North American Computer Chess Championship since 1970
 * World Computer Chess Championship since 1974

People
Pages with the tag "[|pioneers]" > include component="pageList" hideInternal="true" tag="pioneers" limit="100"

=Programming History=
 * History of Minimax
 * History of Alpha-Beta
 * History of Principal Variation Search
 * History of Retrograde Analysis
 * Bitboard History
 * History of Null Move Pruning

=Museums= related to Computer Chess History:
 * The Computer History Museum
 * Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum
 * Russian Virtual Computer Museum

=See also=
 * Mathematician

=Publications=
 * Alexander Reinefeld (**2005**). //Die Entwicklung der Spielprogrammierung: Von John von Neumann bis zu den hochparallelen Schachmaschinen//. [|slides as pdf], Themen der Informatik im historischen Kontext Ringvorlesung an der [|HU Berlin], 02.06.2005 (English paper, German title)
 * Jill Cirasella, Danny Kopec (**2006**). //The History of Computer Games//. [|pdf]
 * [|Dag Spicer], [|Kirsten Tashev] (**2006**). //The Quest to build a Thinking Machine - A History of Computer Chess//. [|Core 5.1] a publication of The Computer History Museum, [|pdf]

=Forum Posts= > [|Re: Old programs CHAOS and USC] by Dann Corbit, CCC, July 11, 2015
 * [|What Chess programs existed in the '60s?] by Pete Galati, CCC, April 13, 2000
 * [|Computer Chess History, a lot of links inside] by Vincent Lejeune, January 04, 2013
 * [|Checkmate: IBM’s Deep Blue Team Discuss the World Comp Chess] by Vincent Lejeune, July 30, 2013
 * [|Old programs CHAOS and USC] by Eugene Piercy, CCC, July 11, 2015

=External Links=

History of AI

 * [|History of artificial intelligence from Wikipedia] » Artificial Intelligence
 * [|History of Artificial Intelligence] from [|Stottler Henke, Inc.]
 * [|Short History of Computing, AI and Robotics] by Philipp Schaumann
 * [|The “Modern” History of Artificial Intelligence and Programs] from [|Neuroscience Of Intelligence]
 * [|Early History Artificial Intelligence and Games]

History of Computer Chess
> Murray Campbell, Edward Feigenbaum, David Levy, John McCarthy, Monty Newborn > [|TCEC: Superfinal Houdini vs Komodo] by Stephan Oliver Platz, ChessBase News, November 23, 2017 » TCEC Season 10 
 * [|Classic Computer Chess - ... The programs of yesteryear] by Carey, hosted by the [|Internet Archive]
 * [|Computer chess chronology (1729-2011) in Wikipedia]
 * [|Core 5.1 Computer Chess] (pdf) from The Computer History Museum
 * [|Computer Chess: The Drosophila of AI] by L. Stephen Coles, October 30, 2002, [|Dr. Dobbs]
 * [|Chess Computers - The UK Story] from [|Chess Computer UK] by Mike Watters
 * [|Computer Chess History Pages], CSVN
 * [|Competitions, Controversies, and Computer Chess] (pdf) by [|Michael Brudno] (May 2000)
 * [|Les premiers automates], [|blitzchess.fr] (French)
 * [|Historic Pictures] from the Rebel site of Ed Schröder
 * [|History of Computer Chess] from The Computer History Museum
 * [|The History of Computer Chess - an AI Perspective], September 08, 2005, The Computer History Museum, [|YouTube] Video no longer available
 * [|A Brief History of Computer Chess | The Best Schools] by [|Erik J. Larson]
 * [|"20 Halbzüge nach 30 Millionen Jahren"] by Stephan Oliver Platz, ChessBase Nachrichten, November 20, 2017 (German) incorporated in

Computer Chess - A Movie
> media type="custom" key="24268518"
 * [|Computer Chess" by Andrew Bujalski - Media, Visual Arts - USA Projects - Artist Fundraising & Advocacy] » ACM North American Computer Chess Championship
 * [|Compter Chess - A Movie] by [|Andrew Bujalski], [|Sundance Film Festival], 2013
 * [|Berlin Film Festival 2013: 'Computer Chess' review]
 * [|Computer Chess - Festival Program | Sundance Institute]
 * [|Computer Chess | Facebook]
 * Computer Chess Official Trailer 1 (2013) - Comedy Movie HD, [|YouTube] Video
 * [|Checkmate: Members of IBM’s Deep Blue Team Discuss the World of Computer Chess], June 1, 2013 » Murray Campbell, Deep Blue

=References= =What links here?= include page="History" component="backlinks" limit="100"
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