2nd+Computer+Olympiad

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 * [[image:QMOctagon.jpg link="http://www.flickriver.com/photos/tags/queenmarycollege/interesting/"]] ||~  || The **Second Computer Olympiad** was held from August 15 to 21, 1990, in the Octagon library of Queen Mary & Westfield College, [|London], [|United Kingdom]. In Chess, Mephisto by Richard Lang took revenge on Rebel, first time running on an ARM2 processor, from last years defeat and managed a 100% score. Newcomer Zugzwang was a great surprise, and Kaissa was a new program with an old name, developed by a 9-member team around Mikhail Donskoy .  The second Computer Olympiad was again associated by the Heuristic Programming in Artificial Intelligence workshop, soon followed by Advances in Computer Chess 6. Proceedings were edited by David Levy and Don Beal, published in 1991 . ||
 * Octagon ||~  ||^   ||

Awari

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 * ~ # ||~ Program ||~ CC ||~ Authors ||~ P 5 ||~ Medal ||
 * ~ 1 || [|Lithidion] ||~ NL || Victor Allis, Maarten van der Meulen ||~ 5 ||= Gold ||
 * ~ 2 || [|Marco] ||~ FR || Rémi Niérat ||~ 0 ||= Silver ||
 * [|CC Country Codes]

Backgammon

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 * ~ # ||~ Program ||~ CC ||~ Authors ||~ P ||~ Medal ||
 * ~ 1 || [|Video Gammon] ||~ US || Randall Hoogerhyde ||~ 15 ||= Gold ||
 * ~ 2 || [|Prospero] ||~ GB || Raymond Mills ||~ 6 ||= Silver ||
 * [|CC Country Codes]

Bridge

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 * ~ # ||~ Program ||~ CC ||~ Authors ||~ P ||~ Medal ||
 * ~ 1 || [|Bridge Baron] ||~ GB || Tom Throop, Tony Guilfoyle ||~ 4 ||= Gold ||
 * ~ 2 || [|Oxford Bridge] ||~ GB || Andrew Bracher ||~ 2 ||= Silver ||
 * [|CC Country Codes]

Checkers
Duane Szafron, Norman Treloar, Brent Knight, Paul Lu ||~ 2½ ||= Silver ||
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 * ~ # ||~ Program ||~ CC ||~ Authors ||~ P ||~ Medal ||
 * ~ 1 || [|Colossus (Checkers)] ||~ GB || Martin Bryant ||~ 3½ ||= Gold ||
 * ~ 2 || [|Chinook] ||~ CA || Jonathan Schaeffer, Joe Culberson,
 * ~ 3 || [|Checkermate] ||~ GB || Derek Oldbury, Adrian Millett ||~ 0 ||= Bronze ||
 * [|CC Country Codes]

Chess

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Final Standing

 * ~ # ||~ Program ||~ CC ||~ M ||~ R ||~ Z ||~ K ||~ É ||~ W ||~ B ||~ C ||~ H ||~ N ||~ G ||~ Bye ||~ P ||~ G ||~ SOS ||~ SoDOS ||~ Medal ||
 * ~ 1 ||< Mephisto X ||~ GB ||= **x** ||= 1 ||= 1 ||= 1 ||=   ||=   ||= 1 ||= 1 ||= 1 ||= 1 ||=   ||=   ||~ 7 ||= 7 ||= 26 ||= 26 ||= Gold ||
 * ~ 2 ||< Rebel '90 ||~ NL ||= 0 ||= **x** ||= 1 ||= 1 ||= 1 ||=  ||= 1 ||= 1 ||= 1 ||=   ||=   ||=   ||~ 6 ||= 7 ||= 29 ||= 22 ||= Silver ||
 * ~ 3 ||< Zugzwang ||~ DE ||= 0 ||= 0 ||= **x** ||=  ||= 1 ||= 1 ||= 1 ||=   ||= 1 ||=   ||= 1 ||=   ||~ 5 ||= 7 ||= 27½ ||= 14½ ||= Bronze ||
 * ~ 4 ||< Kaissa ||~ RU ||= 0 ||= 0 ||=  ||= **x** ||=   ||= 1 ||= 0 ||=   ||=   ||= 1 ||= 1 ||= 1 ||~ 4 ||= 6 ||= 23½ ||= 7 ||   ||
 * ~ 5 ||< Échec ||~ FR ||=  ||= 0 ||= 0 ||=   ||= **x** ||=   ||= ½ ||= ½ ||=   ||= 1 ||= 1 ||= 1 ||~ 4 ||= 6 ||= 21 ||= 6½ ||   ||
 * ~ 6 ||< Woodpusher ||~ GB ||=  ||=   ||= 0 ||= 0 ||=   ||= **x** ||=   ||= 0 ||= 1 ||= 1 ||= 1 ||= 1 ||~ 4 ||= 6 ||= 17½ ||= 5 ||   ||
 * ~ 7 ||< Brainstorm ||~ HU ||= 0 ||= 0 ||= 0 ||= 1 ||= ½ ||=  ||= **x** ||= 1 ||= 1 ||=   ||=   ||=   ||~ 3½ ||= 7 ||= 31½ ||= 11½ ||   ||
 * ~ 8 ||< Chess Player 2175X ||~ GB ||= 0 ||= 0 ||=  ||=   ||= ½ ||= 1 ||= 0 ||= **x** ||=   ||= 1 ||=   ||= 1 ||~ 3½ ||= 6 ||= 26½ ||= 8 ||   ||
 * ~ 9 ||< Hiarcs ||~ GB ||= 0 ||= 0 ||= 0 ||=  ||=   ||= 0 ||= 0 ||=   ||= **x** ||=   ||= 1 ||= 1 ||~ 2 ||= 6 ||= 26½ ||= 1 ||   ||
 * ~ 10 ||< Nightmare ||~ DE ||= 0 ||=  ||=   ||= 0 ||= 0 ||= 0 ||=   ||= 0 ||=   ||= **x** ||= 1 ||= 1 ||~ 2 ||= 6 ||= 23½ ||= 1 ||   ||
 * ~ 11 ||< Chess Guru ||~ FR ||=  ||=   ||= 0 ||= 0 ||= 0 ||= 0 ||=   ||=   ||= 0 ||= 0 ||= **x** ||= 1 ||~ 1 ||= 6 ||= 21 ||= 0 ||   ||
 * [|CC Country Codes]
 * SOS: [|Sum of Opponent Scores]
 * SoDOS: [|Sum of Defeated Opponent Scores]

Participants

 * ~ Program ||~ CC ||~ Authors ||~ Hardware ||
 * < Mephisto X ||~ GB || Richard Lang ||= 68030 ||
 * < Rebel '90 ||~ NL || Ed Schröder, Jan Louwman ||= Acorn Archimedes, ARM2 ||
 * < Zugzwang ||~ DE || Rainer Feldmann, Peter Mysliwietz ||= 32 x [|Inmos] T800 ||
 * < Kaissa ||~ RU || Mikhail Donskoy et al. ||= 80386 PC @ 16 MHz ||
 * < Échec ||~ FR || Marc-François Baudot, Jean-Christophe Weill ||= 80386 PC @ 33 MHz ||
 * < Woodpusher ||~ GB || John Hamlen ||= Atari ST, 68000 ||
 * < Brainstorm ||~ HU || Gyula Horváth, Zsuzsa Horváth ||= 80386 PC @ 16 MHz ||
 * < Chess Player 2175X ||~ GB || Chris Whittington ||= Amiga, 68030 ||
 * < Hiarcs ||~ GB || Mark Uniacke ||= Amiga, 68000 ||
 * < Nightmare ||~ DE || Reinhold Gellner, Gaby von Rekowski ||= 80386 PC @ 16 MHz  ||
 * < Chess Guru ||~ FR || Joël Rivat ||= 80386 PC @ 16 MHz ||

Selected Games
Round 1,Échec - Rebel '90 code [Event "2nd Computer Olympiad"] [Site "London, UK"] [Date "1990.08.15"] [Round "1"] [White "Échec"] [Black "Rebel '90"] [Result "0-1"]

1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.e5 Bf5 4.Nc3 e6 5.g4 Bg6 6.Nge2 c5 7.Be3 Nc6 8.dxc5 Nxe5 9.Nd4 Ne7 10.f4 Nd7 11.Bb5 h5 12.O-O hxg4 13.Qxg4 Nf5 14.Nxe6 Nxe3 15.Rae1 Be4 16.Rxe3 fxe6 17.Qxe6+ Qe7 18.Bxd7+ Kd8 19.Nxe4 dxe4 20.Rd1 Kc7 21.Qd5 Qxc5 22.Qxe4 Rd8 23.Rd5 Qb6 24.Rb5 Qa6 25.Rc3+ Kb8 26.Rd3 Rh6 27.Bc6 Rxd3 28.Qe8+ Kc7 29.cxd3 Rxc6 30.Qf7+ Kb8 31.Qxf8+ Rc8 32.Qb4 Qg6+ 33.Kf2 Qxd3 34.Re5 Rc2+ 35.Kg1 Qg6+ 36.Rg5 Rc1+ 37.Kf2 Qd3 38.Qf8+ Rc8 39.Rf5 Rxf8 40.Rxf8+ Kc7 41.Rf7+ Kc6 42.b3 Qc2+ 43.Kg3 Qxa2 44.Rxg7 Qxb3+ 45.Kg4 Qd1+ 46.Kh4 Qe1+ 47.Rg3 Kd5 48.Kg5 Qxg3+ 49.hxg3 b5 50.f5 b4 51.f6 Ke6 52.Kg6 b3 53.f7 b2 54.f8=Q b1=Q+ 55.Kg5 Qc1+ 56.Qf4 Qxf4+ 57.Kxf4 Kd5 58.Kf5 a5 59.g4 a4 60.g5 Kd6 61.g6 Ke7 62.Kg5 Kf8 63.Kh6 Kg8 0-1 code Round 4, Mephisto X - Rebel '90 code [Event "2nd Computer Olympiad"] [Site "London, UK"] [Date "1990.08.??"] [Round "4"] [White "Mephisto X"] [Black "Rebel '90"] [Result "1-0"]

1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7 5.cxd5 exd5 6.e3 c6 7.Bd3 Nbd7 8.Qc2 O-O 9.Nf3 Re8 10.O-O Nf8 11.Rab1 a5 12.a3 Ng6 13.Nh4 Ne4 14.Bxe7 Qxe7 15.Nxg6 hxg6 16.Nxe4 dxe4 17.Bc4 Be6 18.Rbc1 f5 19.Be2 Rf8 20.Qc5 Qxc5 21.Rxc5 Kf7 22.Rfc1 Ke7 23.Re5 Kd6 24.h4 Rh8 25.g3 Bd5 26.Kg2 Raf8 27.Rc2 b6 28.Rc1 c5 29.b4 cxb4 30.axb4 a4 31.Rc3 Bb3 32.Rb5 Rb8 33.f3 Rhf8 34.fxe4 fxe4 35.Rg5 Rf6 36.Bb5 Rb7 37.Rc6+ Ke7 38.Re5+ Kd8 39.Rc1 Re7 40.Rxe7 Kxe7 41.Rc3 Kd6 42.g4 g5 43.hxg5 Rf7 44.Rc6+ Kd5 45.Rxb6 a3 46.Bc6+ Kc4 47.Ra6 Rf3 48.Rxa3 Rxe3 49.Ba4 Bxa4 50.Rxe3 Kxd4 51.Ra3 Bc6 52.Ra6 Bb5 53.Rg6 e3 54.Rxg7 Kd3 55.g6 Kd2 56.Re7 Bc6+ 1-0 code

Chinese Chess

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 * ~ # ||~ Program ||~ CC ||~ Authors ||~ P 4 ||~ Medal ||
 * ~ 1 || [|Elephant] ||~ TW || Shun-Chin Hsu et al. ||~ 3 ||= Gold ||
 * ~ 2 || [|Chinese Chess Expert] ||~ TW || Kuo-Ming Tsao ||~ 2½ ||= Silver ||
 * ~ 3 || [|NKS] ||~ CN || Huang Shao Long, Su Zhi ||~ ½ ||= Bronze ||
 * [|CC Country Codes]

Go

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19x19

 * ~ # ||~ Program ||~ CC ||~ Authors ||~ P 4 ||~ Medal ||
 * ~ 1 || [|Go Intellect] ||~ US || Ken Chen ||~ 4 ||= Gold ||
 * ~ 2 || [|Swiss Explorer] ||~ CH || Anders Kierulf, Ken Chen ||~ 2 ||= Silver ||
 * ~ 3 || [|Go 4] ||~ GB || Michael Reiss ||~ 0 ||= Bronze ||
 * [|CC Country Codes]

9x9

 * ~ # ||~ Program ||~ CC ||~ Authors ||~ P 6 ||~ Medal ||
 * ~ 1 || [|Go Intellect] ||~ US || Ken Chen ||~ 5 ||= Gold ||
 * ~ 2 || [|Go 4] ||~ GB || Michael Reiss ||~ 4 ||= Silver ||
 * ~ 3 || [|Dragon] ||~ TW || Dong-Yueh Lin ||~ 2 ||= Bronze ||
 * ~ 4 || [|Swiss Explorer] ||~ CH || Anders Kierulf, Ken Chen ||~ 1 ||=  ||
 * [|CC Country Codes]

Gomoku
Andrey Grigoriev ||~ 10 ||= Gold ||
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 * ~ # ||~ Program ||~ CC ||~ Authors ||~ P 12 ||~ Medal ||
 * ~ 1 || [|Stone System] ||~ RU || Nikolai Alexandrov, Max Trukhan,
 * ~ 2 || [|Matena] ||~ RU || Anatoly Frolov, Alexander Gitis ||~ 9 ||= Silver ||
 * ~ 3 || [|Solid] ||~ PL || Adam Dolinsky ||~ 8 ||= Bronze ||
 * ~ 3 || [|Xoxoxo] ||~ RU || Lev Ilkov ||~ 8 ||= Bronze ||
 * ~ 5 || [|Protor] ||~ NL || ||~ 5 ||  ||
 * ~ 6 || [|Xokk] ||~ FI || ||~ 2 ||  ||
 * ~ 7 || [|Five Stars] ||~ RU || ||~ 0 ||  ||
 * [|CC Country Codes]

Othello

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 * ~ # ||~ Program ||~ CC ||~ Authors ||~ P 10 ||~ Playoff ||~ Medal ||
 * ~ 1 || [|Dumbo] ||~ NL || Tom Duykers ||~ 8 ||= 2 ||= Gold  ||
 * ~ 2 || [|Verse2] ||~ NL || Ben de Wolf ||~ 8 ||= 0 ||= Silver ||
 * ~ 3 || [|Microb] ||~ FR || Maurice Claverie ||~ 7 ||   ||= Bronze ||
 * ~ 4 || [|Vega] ||~ RU || Alexander Yakovlev ||~ 4 ||  ||   ||
 * ~ 5 || [|OT] ||~ FI || Markku Poÿsti ||~ 3 ||  ||   ||
 * ~ 6 || [|Iago] ||~ US || Greg M. Gupton ||~ 0 ||  ||   ||
 * [|CC Country Codes]

Qubic

 * ~ # ||~ Program ||~ CC ||~ Authors ||~ P 2 ||~ Medal ||
 * ~ 1 || [|Qubic] ||~ RU || Andrey Grigoriev ||~ 2 ||= Gold  ||
 * ~ 2 || [|Cube] ||~ GB || Mark Burton ||~ 0 ||= Silver ||
 * [|CC Country Codes]

Renju
Andrey Grigoriev ||~ 3 ||= Gold ||
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 * ~ # ||~ Program ||~ CC ||~ Authors ||~ P 3 ||~ Medal ||
 * ~ 1 || [|Renju Fan] ||~ RU || Nikolai Alexandrov, Max Trukhan,
 * ~ 2 || [|Xoxoxo] ||~ RU || Lev Ilkov ||~ 0 ||= Silver ||
 * [|CC Country Codes]

Scrabble
Graeme Thomas, Steve Thomas ||~ 3½ ||= Silver ||
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 * ~ # ||~ Program ||~ CC ||~ Authors ||~ P 6 ||~ Medal ||
 * ~ 1 || [|TSP] ||~ US || James Homan ||~ 5 ||= Gold ||
 * ~ 2 || [|Crab] ||~ US || Andrew Appel, Guy Jacobson,
 * ~ 3 || [|Tyler] ||~ US || Alan Frank ||~ 2½ ||= Bronze ||
 * ~ 4 || [|Quetzal] ||~ GB || Tony Guilfoyle, Richard Hooker ||~ 1 || ||
 * [|CC Country Codes]

=Publications=

Reports

 * Zsuzsa Horváth (**1990**). //Report on the 2nd Computer Olympiad//. ICCA Journal, Vol. 13, No. 3
 * Tony Marsland (**1990**). //Report on the 2nd London Conference on Computer Games//. ICCA Journal, Vol. 13, No. 3

Heuristic Programming in AI

 * David Levy, Don Beal (Eds.) (**1991**). //Heuristic Programming in Artificial Intelligence - The Second Computer Olympiad//. Ellis Horwood

Tournaments

 * Victor Allis, Maarten van der Meulen, Jaap van den Herik (**1991**). //Omniscience in Lithidion//. Heuristic Programming in AI 2
 * Ken Chen (**1991**). //Go Intellect wins two Gold Medals//. Heuristic Programming in AI 2

Conference

 * 1) Victor Allis, Maarten van der Meulen, Jaap van den Herik (**1991**). //Databases in Awari//. Heuristic Programming in AI 2
 * 2) Björn Gambäck, Manny Rayner, Barney Pell (**1991**). //An Architecture for a Sophisticated Mechanical Bridge Player//. Heuristic Programming in AI 2
 * 3) Kuo-Ming Tsao, Jen-Hsuan Li, Shun-Chin Hsu (**1991**). //Design and Implementation of a Chinese Chess Program//. Heuristic Programming in AI 2
 * 4) Jonathan Schaeffer, Joe Culberson, Norman Treloar, Brent Knight, Paul Lu, Duane Szafron (**1991**). //Reviving the Game of Checkers//. Heuristic Programming in AI 2
 * 5) Barney Pell (**1991**). //Exploratory Learning in the Game of GO//. Heuristic Programming in AI 2
 * 6) Thomas Wolf (**1991**). //Investigating Tsumego Problems with "RisiKo"//. Heuristic Programming in AI 2
 * 7) Ralph Gasser (**1991**). //Applying Retrograde Analysis to Nine Men’s Morris.// Heuristic Programming in AI 2
 * 8) Jean-Christophe Weill (**1991**). //Experiments With the NegaC* Search - An Alternative for Othello Endgame Search//. Heuristic Programming in AI 2
 * 9) Susan L. Epstein (**1991**). //Deep Forks in Strategic Maps//. Heuristic Programming in AI 2
 * 10) Alan Frank (**1991**). //Brute Force Search in Games of Imperfect Information//. Heuristic Programming in AI 2
 * 11) Andrey Grigoriev (**1991**). //Artificial Intelligence or Stochastic Relaxation: Simulated Annealing Challenge//. Heuristic Programming in AI 2
 * 12) Martin Müller (**1991**). //The Smart Game Board as a Tool for Game Programmers//. Heuristic Programming in AI 2 » Smart Game Board
 * 13) Victor Allis, Jaap van den Herik, Bob Herschberg (**1991**). //Which Games Will Survive//? Heuristic Programming in AI 2

=See also=
 * Advances in Computer Chess 6

=Forum Posts=
 * [|Computer Games Olympiad] by Don Beal, rgc, July 27, 1990
 * [|2nd Computer Olympiad --- Chess results] by Alain Le Borgne, rgc, August 27, 1990

=External Links=
 * [|London 1990 (ICGA Tournaments)]
 * [|2nd Computer Olympiad, Chess - London 1990 (ICGA Tournaments)]
 * [|Computer Olympiad from Wikipedia]
 * [|2nd Computer Olympiad from Wikipedia]

=References= =What links here?= include page="2nd Computer Olympiad" component="backlinks" limit="200"
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