Herbert+Simon

was an American scientist and artificial intelligence pioneer, [|economist], psychologist, and professor, most notably, at Carnegie Mellon University, which became an important center of AI and computer chess, associated with names like Hans Berliner, Carl Ebeling, Feng-hsiung Hsu, Murray Campbell and the computers HiTech and Deep Thought. Herbert Simon received many top-level honors, most notably the [|Turing Award] (with Allen Newell) (1975) for his AI-contributions and the [|Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics] for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations (1978). || toc =Photos=
 * Home * People * Herbert Simon**
 * [[image:simongsia60.JPG link="http://diva.library.cmu.edu/Simon/contents.html"]] ||~  || **Herbert Alexander Simon**, (June 15, 1916 – February 9, 2001)
 * Herbert A. Simon ||~  ||^   ||
 * [[image:2-3a.Carnegie_Mellon_University.Newell-Allen_Simon-Herbert.19XX.L062302007.CMU.lg.jpg link="http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-431e1a07cf7a1"]] ||
 * Herbert Simon and Allen Newell, 1958 ||
 * [[image:2-3.Simon-Herb.L02645386.CMU.lg.jpg link="http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-431614f64def7"]] ||
 * Herbert Simon ||
 * Herbert Simon ||

=NSS= In the late 50s, Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, and Herbert Simon developed the chess program NSS. It was written in a high-level language. With Allen Newell, Herbert Simon was inventor of the alpha-beta algorithm - which was independently invented by John McCarthy, Arthur Samuel and Alexander Brudno. In 1957 Herbert Simon said that within 10 years, a digital computer would be the world's chess champion.

=Quotes=

John McCarthy
Quote by John McCarthy from //Human-Level AI is harder than it seemed in 1955// : include page="Quote McCarthy"

Hans Berliner
Hans Berliner in //A Life's Appraisal// :

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George W. Baylor
George W. Baylor's Remembrance on Herbert A. Simon :

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Fernand Gobet
Fernand Gobet's Remembrance on Herbert A. Simon :

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=Chess Projects=
 * MAPP
 * Mater
 * NSS
 * Perceiver

=See also=
 * Cognition
 * History of Alpha-Beta
 * History of Computer Chess
 * Perception in Chess
 * Perception - Video
 * Psychology
 * Kasparov versus Deep Thought 1989 documentary

=Autobiography= > A Remarkable Autobiography of the Nobel Prize Winning Social Scientist and Father of Artificial Intelligence.
 * Herbert A. Simon (**1991**). //[|Models of my Life]//. [|Basic Books], New York, N.Y.

=Selected Publications=

1956 ...

 * Allen Newell, Herbert Simon (**1956**). //[|The logic theory machine-A complex information processing system]//. [|IRE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 2], No. 3
 * Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon (**1958**). //Chess Playing Programs and the Problem of Complexity//. IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 320-335. Reprinted (1963) in [|Computers and Thought] (eds. Edward Feigenbaum and Julian Feldman), pp. 39-70. McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y. [|pdf]
 * Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon (**1959**). //Report on a general problem-solving program//. Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Processing, pp. 256-264

1960 ...

 * Edward Feigenbaum, Herbert Simon (**1961**). //Performance of a Reading Task by an Elementary Perceiving and Memorizing Program//. [|RAND Paper], [|pdf]
 * Edward Feigenbaum, Herbert Simon (**1961**). //[|Forgetting in an association memory]//. ACM '61, [|pdf]
 * Edward Feigenbaum, Herbert Simon (**1962**). //A Theory of the Serial Position Effect//. [|British Journal of Psychology], Vol. 53, 307-32, [|pdf]
 * Herbert A. Simon, [|Peter A. Simon] (**1962**). //[|Trial and Error Search in Solving Difficult Problems: Evidence from the Game of Chess]//. Behavioral Science, Vol. 7, No. 4
 * Edward Feigenbaum, Herbert Simon (**1963**). //[|Elementary Perceiver and Memorizer: Review of Experiments]//. in Symposium on Simulation Models
 * Herbert Simon, Edward Feigenbaum (**1964**). //An Information-processing Theory of Some Effects of Similarity, Familiarization, and Meaningfulness in Verbal Learning//. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, Vol. 3, No. 5, [|pdf]
 * Allen Newell, Herbert Simon (**1965**). //[|An Example of Human Chess Play in Light of Chess Playing Programs]//. In Norbert Wiener, [|J. P. Schadé] (eds.) //[|Progress in Biocybernetics]//. Vol. 2, [|Elsevier]
 * George W. Baylor, Herbert A. Simon (**1966**). //[|A chess mating combinations program]//. [|AFIPS] [|Joint Computer Conferences], reprinted  in Herbert A. Simon (**1979**). //[|Models of Thought]//. [|Yale University Press], pp. 181-200, in David Levy (ed.) (**1988**). //Computer Chess Compendium//.
 * Herbert Simon, Michael Barenfeld (**1968**). //Information Processing in the Perception of Chess Positions//. Carnegie Mellon University, Paper #127
 * Herbert Simon (**1969**). //The Sciences of the Artificial//. MIT Press, 1st Edition
 * Herbert Simon, Michael Barenfeld (**1969**). //[|Information Processing-Analysis of Perceptual Processes in Problem Solving]//. Psychological Review, Vol. 76, No. 5, reprinted in Herbert A. Simon (**1979**). //[|Models of Thought]//. [|Yale University Press], [|pdf]

1970 ...

 * Allen Newell, Herbert Simon (**1972**). //Human Problem Solving//. [|Prentice-Hall]
 * Herbert Simon, Laurent Siklóssy (eds.) (**1972**). //Representation and Meaning: Experiments with Information Processing Systems//. [|Prentice-Hall]
 * Herbert Simon (**1973**). //Lessons from Perception for Chess-Playing Programs (and Vice Versa)//. Computer Science Research Review 1972-73, [|pdf]
 * William Chase, Herbert Simon (**1973**). //[|The Mind’s Eye in Chess]//. Visual Information Processing: Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Carnegie Psychology Symposium (ed. W. G. Chase), pp. 215-281. Academic Press, New York. Reprinted (**1988**) in Readings in Cognitive Science (ed. A.M. Collins). Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA.
 * William Chase, Herbert Simon (**1973**). //[|Perception in chess]//. [|Cognitive Psychology], Vol. 4, No. 1, [|pdf]
 * Herbert Simon, William Chase (**1973**). //Skill in Chess//. [|American Scientist], Vol. 61, No. 4, Reprinted (**1988**) in Computer Chess Compendium, [|pdf]
 * Herbert Simon, Kevin J. Gilmartin (**1973**). //A Simulation of Memory for Chess Positions//. Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 5, reprinted  in Herbert Simon (**1979**). //[|Models of Thought]//, [|Yale University Press], [|pdf]
 * Herbert Simon (**1974**). //How big is a chunk//? [|Science], Vol. 183, [|pdf]
 * Allen Newell, Herbert Simon (**1976**). //[|Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search]//. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 19, No. 3, ACM Turing Award Lecture, [|pdf] from The Computer History Museum
 * Herbert A. Simon (**1979**). //[|Models of Thought]//. [|Yale University Press]

1980 ...

 * Herbert Simon (**1980**). //Cognitive Science: The Newest Science of the Artificial//. [|Cognitive Science], Vol. 4, No. 1
 * Herbert Simon (**1981**). //Prometheus or Pandora: The Influence of Automation on Society//. IEEE Computer, Vol. 14, No. 11
 * Herbert Simon (**1983**). //Search and Reasoning in Problem Solving//. [|Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 21, Nos 1-2
 * Edward Feigenbaum, Herbert Simon (**1984**). //[|EPAMlike models of recognition and learning]//. [|Cognitive Science], Vol. 8, 305-336, [|pdf]
 * Herbert Simon (**1985**). //[|Obituary: William G. Chase (1940–1983)]//. [|American Psychologist], Vol. 40, No. 5 » William Chase
 * Herbert Simon (**1986**). //[|Whether Software Engineering Needs to Be Artificially Intelligent]//. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. 12, No. 7
 * Herbert Simon (**1988**). //Prospects for Cognitive Science//. [|FGCS 1988]

1990 ...

 * Herbert Simon (**1991**). //Artificial Intelligence: Where Has It Been, Where is it Going//? IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 2
 * Herbert A. Simon (**1991**). //[|Models of my Life]//. [|Basic Books], New York, N.Y.
 * Herbert Simon, Jonathan Schaeffer (**1992**). //The Game of Chess//. in [|Handbook of Game Theory with Economic applications] (eds. [|Robert J. Aumann] and [|Sergiu Hart]). North Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ISBN-13: 978-0-444-88098-7, [|ps]
 * Herbert Simon (**1995**). //Explaining the Ineffable: AI on the Topics of Intuition, Insight and Inspiration//. IJCAI 1995, [|pdf]
 * Herbert Simon (**1995**). //[|Artificial Intelligence: An Empirical Science]//. [|Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 77, No. 1
 * Howard B. Richman, James J. Staszewski, Herbert Simon (**1995**). //[|Simulation of Expert Memory with EPAM IV]//. Psychological Review, Vol. 102
 * Howard B. Richman, Fernand Gobet, James J. Staszewski, Herbert Simon (**1995**). //[|Perceptual and Memory Processes in the Acquisition of Expert Performance: The EPAM Model]//. Complex Information Processing, Working Paper #528
 * Fernand Gobet, Herbert Simon (**1996**). //Templates in Chess Memory: A Mechanism for Recalling Several Boards.// Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 31, pp. 1-40.
 * Fernand Gobet, Herbert Simon (**1996**). //Recall of random and distorted positions: Implications for the theory of expertise.// Memory & Cognition, 24, 493-503.
 * Fernand Gobet, Herbert Simon (**1996**). //Recall of rapidly presented random chess positions is a function of skill.// Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3, 159-163, [|word reprint]
 * Herbert Simon (**1996**). //The Sciences of the Artificial//. [|MIT Press, 3rd Edition 1996], [|amazon]
 * Fernand Gobet, Howard B. Richman, James J. Staszewski, Herbert Simon (**1997**). //Goals, Representations, and Strategies in a Concept Attainment Task: The EPAM model//. The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Vol. 37, [|pdf]
 * [|Yasser Seirawan], Herbert Simon, Toshinori Munakata (**1997**). //[|The Implications of Kasparov vs. Deep Blue]//. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 40, No. 8, [|pdf] hosted from The Computer History Museum
 * Fernand Gobet, Herbert Simon (**1998**). //Expert chess memory: Revisiting the chunking hypothesis.// Memory, 6, 225-255
 * Fernand Gobet, Herbert Simon (**1998**). //Pattern recognition makes search possible: Comments on Holding (1992)//. Psychological Research, Vol. 61, [|pdf]

2000 ...

 * Fernand Gobet, Herbert Simon (**2000**). //[|Five Seconds or Sixty? Presentation Time in Expert Memory]//. [|Cognitive Science], Vol. 24, No. 4
 * Hans Berliner (**2001**). //[|HERBERT A. SIMON (1916-2001): A LIFE'S APPRAISAL]//, ICCA Journal, Vol. 24, No. 1
 * Fernand Gobet (**2001**). //[|HERBERT A. SIMON (1916 - 2001): THE SCIENTIST OF THE ARTIFICIAL]//. ICCA Journal, Vol. 24, No. 1

=External Links= > [|Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search] (pdf) by Allen Newell and Herbert Simon, 1975 ACM Turing Award Lecture >
 * [|Herbert A. Simon from Wikipedia]
 * [|Herbert A. Simon - Psychology]
 * [|Herbert A. Simon - Biographical]
 * [|Herbert A. Simon - A.M. Turing Award Winner]
 * [|The AI Genealogy Project :: Herbert Simon]
 * [|The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Herbert Simon]
 * [|Herbert A. Simon: A Family Memory]
 * [|Herbert A. Simon] from The Computer History Museum
 * [|Herbert Simon Collection (Carnegie Mellon Libraries)]
 * [|Herbert A. Simon Tribute]
 * Evolutionary Portrait Art by [|Günter Bachelier]: [|Herbert Alexander Simon]

=References= =What links here?= include page="Herbert Simon" component="backlinks" limit="120"
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