Nils+Barricelli

was a Norwegian-Italian psychologist and mathematician. He did early computer-assisted experiments in [|symbiogenesis] and evolutionary algorithms, considered pioneering in [|artificial life] research. In the 50s he thought about to write a chess program to test evolutionary theories, and implemented a program in collaboration with Alex Bell, who wrote a fast legal move generator, in the early 60s.
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 * [[image:barricelli.jpg width="180" link="http://makezine.com/08/dyson/"]] ||~  || **Nils Aall Barricelli**, (January 24, 1912 – January 27, 1993)

In 1974, while he researched at the [|University of Oslo], he participated at the First World Computer Chess Championship in Stockholm with his own chess program Freedom. || toc =Quotes= Alex Bell, in 1962 at Manchester University, writes on his early collaboration with Barricelli :
 * Nils Aall Barricelli ||~  ||^   ||

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|| =Barricellian Symbioorganisms= Alex Bell explains Barricelli's Symbioorganisms : code integer array this generation, next generation [1 :512]; begin loop: for i : = 1 step 1 until 512 do       begin n := j := this generation[i]; reproduce: if j = 0 then goto next i;      k := modulo 512 of (i) plus: (j); if next generation[k] > 0 then goto mutation else next generation[k] := n;      j := this generation[k]; goto reproduce; mutation: next i: end;

copy next generation into this generation;

print this generation;

goto loop; end; code

=See also=
 * Freedom
 * Genetic Programming
 * WCCC 1974

=Selected Publications=
 * Nils Barricelli (**1954**). //Esempi numerici di processi di evoluzione//, Methodos, pp. 45-68, 1954
 * Nils Barricelli (**1957**). //Symbiogenetic evolution processes realized by artificial methods//. Methodos: 143–182.
 * Nils Barricelli (**1961**). //[|Numerical testing of evolution theories. Part I Theoretical introduction and basic tests]//. Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, [|Vanderbilt University], Nashville, Tennessee, [|Acta Biotheoretica], Springer Netherlands, ISSN: 0001-5342
 * Nils Barricelli (**1963**). //[|Numerical testing of evolution theories. Part II preliminary tests of performance. symbiogenesis and terrestrial life]//. Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, [|Vanderbilt University], Nashville, Tennessee, [|Acta Biotheoretica], Springer Netherlands, ISSN: 0001-5342
 * [|George Dyson] (**1997, 2012**). //Darwin Among The Machines: The Evolution Of Global Intelligence//. [|Basic Books], Second Edition 2012, [|from amazon]
 * David B. Fogel (**2006**). //[|Nils Barricelli - artificial life, coevolution, self-adaptation]//. IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 1
 * [|Alexander R. Galloway] (**2008**). //Creative Evolution//. [|Cabinet], No. 42 Forgetting, [|pdf]
 * [|Alexander R. Galloway] (**2012**). //[|The Computational Image of Organization: Nils Aall Barricelli]//. [|Grey Room], No. 46

=External Links= > media type="custom" key="24797296"
 * [|Nils Aall Barricelli from Wikipedia]
 * [|Nils Barricelli's ICGA Tournaments]
 * [|Luz e Sangue - Nils Aall Barricelli (1912–1993) with Image]
 * [|Darwin Among The Machines; or, the Origins of [Artificial Life]]. a presentation by [|George Dyson], [|Edge 21], July 8, 1997
 * [|A Universe of Self-Replicating Code] by [|George Dyson], [|Edge.org], March 26, 2012
 * [|Nils Barricelli’s 5 Kilobyte Symbiogenesis simulations and ‘molecule shaped numbers’ – A precursor to DNA Computing], [|Dataisnature], June 06, 2012
 * [|Meet the Father of Digital Life] by [|Robert Hackett], [|Nautilus], June 12, 2014
 * [|George Dyson] - The Birth of the Computer, [|YouTube] Video

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