Murray+Campbell

a Canadian computer scientist and chess player, most famous for being member of the Deep Blue team and beating [|Gary Kasparov] in 1997. Campbell is actually a research scientist at the IBM [|T. J. Watson Research Center] in [|Yorktown Heights, New York].
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 * [[image:murraycampbell_qa_full.jpg link="http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2007/05/murraycampbell_qa"]] ||~  || **Murray S. Campbell**,

Murray Campbell got hooked in computer chess at the University of Alberta in [|Edmonton], Canada, where he worked with Tony Marsland on parallel search and Principal variation search. He left Canada to enroll at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) as a doctoral candidate in Computer Science. Supported by his advisor Hans Berliner, he developed the chunking pawn endgame program Chunker, and received his Ph.D. in 1987 for his work on //chunking as an abstraction mechanism in solving complex problems//. Along with Gordon Goetsch, he researched on the Null move heuristic - none recursively with a modest Depth Reduction R

Campbell was member of the HiTech team around Berliner, while Feng-hsiung Hsu and Thomas Anantharaman were already developing ChipTest, the predecessor of Deep Thought. In 1986, Murray Campbell left the HiTech team for ChipTest and Deep Thought, and in 1989, Campbell and Hsu joined IBM to develop Deep Blue. Murray Campbell's main function in the Deep Blue team was the development of the evaluation function. He worked closely with the team's chess consultant, [|Joel Benjamin], in preparing the opening book. || toc =Photos= after winning the Fredkin Intermediate Prize for Deep Thought's Grandmaster-level performance. ||
 * Murray Campbell ||~  ||^   ||
 * [[image:5-0 and 5-2.Deep_Thought_Team_1988.102645336.HSU.lg.jpg width="580" height="400" link="http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbd52f71"]] ||
 * Murray Campbell, Feng-hsiung Hsu, Thomas Anantharaman, Mike Browne, Andreas Nowatzyk,

=Quotes= by Hans Berliner on Campbell's role in HiTech team :

=See also=
 * Kasparov versus Deep Thought 1989 documentary
 * Murray Campbell on Deep Blue - Video
 * Computer Chess - A Movie
 * The History of Computer Chess - an AI Perspective - Video

=Selected Publications=

1980 ...

 * Tony Marsland, Murray Campbell, A. L. Rivera (**1980**). //Parallel Search of Game Trees.// Technical Report TR 80-7, Computing Science Department, University of Alberta, [|pdf]
 * Tony Marsland, Murray Campbell (**1981**). //A Survey of Enhancements to the Alpha-Beta Algorithm.// Proceedings of the ACM'81, pp. 109-114. Los Angeles.
 * Tony Marsland, Murray Campbell (**1981**). //Parallel Search of Strongly Ordered Game Trees//. Technical Report TR 81-9, Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, [|pdf]
 * Tony Marsland, Murray Campbell (**1982**). //Parallel Search of Strongly Ordered Game Trees.// ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 533-551. [|pdf]
 * Tony Marsland, Murray Campbell (**1982**). //A Study of Parallel Tree Search Algorithms//. Technical Report TR 82-4, Computing Science Department, University of Alberta, [|pdf]
 * Murray Campbell, Tony Marsland (**1983**). //A Comparison of Minimax Tree Search Algorithms//. [|Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 347-367. ISSN 0004-3702, [|pdf]
 * Murray Campbell, Hans Berliner (**1983**). //A Chess Program That Chunks//. AAAI 1983 49-53, [|pdf]
 * Hans Berliner, Murray Campbell (**1984**). //[|Using Chunking to Solve Chess Pawn Endgames]//. [|Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 97-120. ISSN 0004-3702.

1985 ...

 * Murray Campbell (**1985**). //[|The graph-history interaction: on ignoring position history]//. Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Proceedings of the 1985 ACM annual conference, [|pdf]
 * Murray Campbell (**1988**). //Chunking as an Abstraction Mechanism//. Ph.D. thesis, Carnegie Mellon University
 * Gordon Goetsch, Murray Campbell (**1988**). //Experimenting with the Null Move Heuristic in Chess//. AAAI Spring Symposium Proceedings, pp. 14-18.
 * Thomas Anantharaman, Murray Campbell, Feng-hsiung Hsu (**1988**). //Singular extensions: Adding Selectivity to Brute-Force Searching//. AAAI Spring Symposium, Computer Game Playing, pp. 8-13. Also published in ICCA Journal, Vol. 11, No. 4, republished (**1990**) in [|Artifical Intelligence], Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 99-109. ISSN 0004-3702.
 * Hans Berliner, Gordon Goetsch, Murray Campbell, Carl Ebeling (**1989**). //Measuring the Performance Potential of Chess Programs//. Advances in Computer Chess 5

1990 ...

 * Feng-hsiung Hsu, Thomas Anantharaman, Murray Campbell, Andreas Nowatzyk (**1990**). //Deep Thought//. Computers, Chess, and Cognition, pp. 55-78
 * Feng-hsiung Hsu, Thomas Anantharaman, Murray Campbell, Andreas Nowatzyk (**1990**). //A Grandmaster Chess Machine//. Scientific American, Vol. 263, No. 4, pp. 44-50. ISSN 0036-8733. [|Online Reprint]
 * Gordon Goetsch, Murray Campbell (**1990**). //Experiments with the Null-move Heuristic//. Computers, Chess, and Cognition, pp. 159-168
 * Thomas Anantharaman, Murray Campbell, Feng-hsiung Hsu (**1990**). //Singular Extensions: Adding Selectivity to Brute-Force Searching.// [|Artifical Intelligence], Vol. 43, No. 1
 * Hans Berliner, Gordon Goetsch, Murray Campbell, Carl Ebeling (**1990**). //Measuring the Performance Potential of Chess Programs.// [|Artifical Intelligence], Vol. 43, No. 1

1995 ...

 * Feng-hsiung Hsu, Murray Campbell, Joe Hoane (**1995**). //Deep Blue System Overview//. International Conference on Supercomputing 240-244
 * Murray Campbell (**1997**). //"An Enjoyable Game": How HAL Plays Chess//. in [|David G. Stork] (ed.), //[|Hal's Legacy - 2001's Computer as Dream and Reality]//. [|MIT-Press], [|pdf]
 * Murray Campbell (**1999**). //Knowledge Discovery in Deep Blue.// Communications of the ACM, Vol. 42, No. 11: 65-67

2000 ...

 * Vijay S. Iyengar, Jon Lee, Murray Campbell (**2001**). // Evaluating multiple attribute items using queries.// ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce: 144-153
 * Murray Campbell, Joe Hoane, Feng-hsiung Hsu (**2002**). //Deep Blue//. [|Artifical Intelligence], Vol. 134, No. 1-2, [|pdf]

=Forum Posts=
 * [|Checkers match] by Murray Campbell, rgc, August 20, 1992 » Checkers
 * [|Murray Campbell lecture at University of Washington] by Bruce Moreland, rgcc, September 22, 1997

=External Links=
 * [|Murray Campbell from Wikipedia]
 * [|The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Murray Campbell]
 * [|Murray Campbell] from The Computer History Museum
 * [|Murray Campbell's ICGA Tournaments]
 * [|Campbell Murray | The Chess Federation of Canada - La Fédération Canadienne des Échecs]
 * [|Murray Campbell at University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)]
 * [|A Decade After Kasparov's Defeat, Deep Blue Coder Relives Victory], [|Wired News] Interview with Murray Campbell by [|Robert Andrews], May 11, 2007
 * [|Checkmate: Members of IBM’s Deep Blue Team Discuss the World of Computer Chess], June 1, 2013 » Computer Chess - A Movie, Deep Blue
 * [|20 Years after Deep Blue: How AI Has Advanced Since Conquering Chess] by [|Larry Greenemeier], Scientific American, June 2, 2017 » Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1997

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