Deep+Blue

the IBM sponsored successor of the chess entity Deep Thought.
 * Home * Engines * Deep Blue**
 * [[image:5-4.Deep_Blue_chip,lg.jpg width="312" height="312" link="http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=art-431614f45291e"]] ||~  || **Deep Blue**,

The project was initially started 1985 as ChipTest at Carnegie Mellon University by the computer science doctoral students Feng-hsiung Hsu and Thomas Anantharaman. Murray Campbell, former co-developer of HiTech, joined the ChipTest team a few months later. The program was named **Deep Thought** after the fictional computer of the same name from [|The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]. Hsu and Campbell joined IBM in 1989, Deep Blue was developed out of this. The name is a play on Deep Thought and [|Big Blue], IBM's nickname. The declared target was to become the strongest chess entity ever and to beat the human world champion. || toc =WCCC 1995=
 * Deep blue chip ||~  ||^   ||
 * Deep Blue Prototype** missed the expected win at the WCCC 1995 by losing the [|decisive match] in round 5 against Fritz after king castling into Fritz's half open g-file. Description given in 1995 from the ICGA site :

=Kasparov versus Deep Blue= //Main article//: Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1996

Deep Blue was the first machine to win a chess game against a reigning world champion [|Garry Kasparov] under regular time controls. This first win occurred on February 10, 1996, Game 1. However, Kasparov won three games and drew two of the following games, beating Deep Blue by a score of 4–2.

=The Rematch= //Main article//: Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1997

In 1997 Deep Blue won the rematch against Kasparov. He did not recover after the shock by Deep Blues' play in game 2. Kasparov resigned a drawn position, since he missed a deep tricky perpetual check, while he wrongly was confident the machine would not have blundered to allow him to draw. In the final decisive game 6 Kasparov was rather indisposed and blundered in the early opening.

=The Deep Blue Team=
 * Feng-hsiung Hsu - The man who started the Deep Blue project while still in college
 * Murray Campbell - A former chess champion who works with Deep Blue's evaluation function
 * A. Joseph Hoane - Deep Blue's software engineer
 * C. J. Tan - Senior manager of the Deep Blue development team
 * Jerry Brody - The project's support engineer
 * [|Joel Benjamin] - development team chess consultant, opening book author

=Photos=
 * [[image:5-0 and 5-4.Campbell_Benjamin.1997.L02645333.IBM_ARCHIVES.lg.jpg width="560" link="http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-431614f67157b"]] ||
 * The core Deep Blue team, Joe Hoane, Feng-hsiung Hsu, and Murray Campbell ||

=See also=
 * Computer Chess - A Movie
 * The Machine

=Selected Publications=

1995 ...

 * Feng-hsiung Hsu, Murray Campbell, Joe Hoane (**1995**). //Deep Blue System Overview//. International Conference on Supercomputing, pp. 240-244.
 * 1996**
 * Paul Hsieh (**1996**). //Deep Blue - Deep Thought 2//. Computer Chess Reports, Vol 5, No 3+4, pp. 45
 * Tony Marsland (**1996**). //The ACM Chess Challenge//. [|pdf] from the The Computer History Museum, Courtesy of ACM
 * Tony Marsland (**1996**). //[|The Future of Computer Chess]//. ICCA Journal, Vol. 19, No. 1
 * Jos Uiterwijk (**1996**). //The Kasparov - Deep Blue Match//. ICCA Journal, Vol. 19, No. 1
 * [|Yasser Seirawan] (**1996**). //The Kasparov - Deep Blue Games//. ICCA Journal, Vol. 19, No. 1
 * Hans Berliner (**1996**). //Why did Kasparov Blink?// ICCA Journal, Vol. 19, No. 2
 * Toshinori Munakata (**1996**). //[|Thoughts on Deep Blue vs. Kasparov]//. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 39, No. 7, [|pdf]
 * 1997**
 * Robert Levinson, Jeff Wilkinson (**1997**). //[|Deep Blue is Still an Infant]//. AAAI Technical Report WS-97-04
 * Monroe Newborn (**1997**). //[|Kasparov versus Deep Blue: Computer Chess Comes of Age].// [|Springer]
 * Richard Korf (**1997**). //Does Deep Blue use AI?// [|AAAI Workshop: Deep Blue Versus Kasparov: The Significance for Artificial Intelligence 1997], [|pdf]
 * Tony Marsland, Yngvi Björnsson. (**1997**). //From MiniMax to Manhattan//. [|AAAI Workshop: Deep Blue Versus Kasparov: The Significance for Artificial Intelligence 1997], [|pdf]
 * Jonathan Schaeffer, Aske Plaat (**1997**). //[|Kasparov versus Deep Blue: The Rematch]//. ICCA Journal, Vol. 20, No. 2
 * Fernand Gobet (**1997**). //[|Can Deep Blue make us happy? Reflections on Human and Artificial Expertise]//. [|AAAI Workshop: Deep Blue Versus Kasparov: The Significance for Artificial Intelligence 1997]
 * [|Yasser Seirawan], Herbert Simon, Toshinori Munakata (**1997**). //[|The Implications of Kasparov vs. Deep Blue]//. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 40, No. 8, [|pdf] hosted from The Computer History Museum
 * [|Daniel C. Dennet] (**1997**). //Can Machines Think? Deep Blue and Beyond//. ICCA Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4
 * Thomas Anantharaman (**1997**). //Evaluation Tuning for Computer Chess: Linear Discriminant Methods//. ICCA Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4
 * Richard Korf (**1997**). //Does DEEP BLUE use Artificial Intelligence?// ICCA Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4
 * 1998**
 * Hans Berliner (**1998**). //Review of Monty Newborn: Kasparov versus Deep Blue//. [|pdf]
 * 1999**
 * Feng-hsiung Hsu (**1999**). //IBM’s Deep Blue Chess Grandmaster Chips//. IEEE Micro, Vol. 19, No. 2, [|pdf]
 * Murray Campbell (**1999**). //Knowledge Discovery in Deep Blue.// Communications of the ACM, Vol. 42, No. 11

2000 ...

 * Feng-Hsiung Hsu (**2001**). //Ken Thompson and DEEP BLUE//. ICGA Journal, Vol. 24, No. 2
 * Gerald Tesauro (**2001**). //[|Comparison Training of Chess Evaluation Functions]//. In Johannes Fürnkranz, Miroslav Kubat (eds.) (**2001**). //[|Machines that learn to play games]//, 117–130, [|Nova Science Publishers] » Automated Tuning, SCP
 * Murray Campbell, Joe Hoane, Feng-hsiung Hsu (**2002**). //Deep Blue//. [|Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 134, Nos. 1-2
 * Feng-hsiung Hsu (**2002**), //[|Behind Deep Blue]: Building the Computer that Defeated the World Chess Champion//. Princeton University Press
 * Monroe Newborn (**2002**). //[|Deep Blue: An Artificial Intelligence Milestone]//. Springer Verlag
 * [|Brian Bloomfield], [|Theodore Vurdubakis] (**2008**). //[|IBM's Chess Players: On AI and Its Supplements]//. [|The Information Society], Vol. 24, No. 2

=Forum Posts=

1995 ...

 * [|Is Computer Chess A Science?] by Dr Nancy's Sweetie, rgcc, February 21, 1996
 * 1997**
 * [|Deep Blue vs Micros] by Robert Hyatt, rgcc, February 18, 1997
 * [|DB Tweaking Between Games] by Mike Gherrity, rgcc, May 13, 1997
 * [|Learning necessary for chess champion?] by Mike Gherrity, rgcc, May 16, 1997
 * [|Deep Blue vs Micros - an interesting result just available] by Robert Hyatt, rgcc, May 22, 1997
 * [|Deep Blue news] by Jonathan Schaeffer, CCC, September 23, 1997
 * [|Deep Blue team to disclose their files] by Jack van Rijswijck, CCC, October 20, 1997
 * [|Meeting M. Campbell and Joe Hoane] by Han Schut, rgcc, October 21, 1997
 * 1998**
 * [|Deep Blue eval function tuning technique] by Stuart Cracraft, CCC, January 08, 1998 » Automated Tuning
 * [|Deep Blue-Part I] by Keith Ian Price, rgcc, May 1, 1998
 * [|Deep Blue-Part II] by Keith Ian Price, rgcc, May 2, 1998
 * [|Deep Blue afterthoughts] by Ingo Althöfer, CCC, May 09, 1998
 * [|Deep Blue-Part III] by Keith Ian Price, rgcc, May 10, 1998
 * [|Deep Blue chip talk] by David Fotland, CCC, August 19, 1998

2000 ...

 * [|DB NPS (anyone know the position used)?] by Chris Carson, CCC, January 25, 2000 » Nodes per second
 * [|Wanted: Deep Blue vs. today's top programs recap] by Mig Greengard, CCC, August 25, 2001
 * [|"Deep Blue ..." in 1995] by Ingo Althöfer, CCC, October 14, 2002
 * [|DeepBlue && SingularExtensions && !Nullmoving] by Vladimir Medvedev, CCC, October 16, 2002 » Singular Extensions, Null Move Pruning
 * [|deep blue's automatic tuning of evaluation function] by Emerson Tan, CCC, March 22, 2003 » Automated Tuning

2005 ...

 * [|Kasparov [HBR interview : 'IBM committed a crime against science.']] by José Antônio Fabiano Mendes, CCC, April 26, 2005
 * [|(Obvious troll) Kasparov vs DB-I was a disaster for human chess] by Walter Faxon, CCC, May 06, 2005
 * [|Adjusting weights the Deep Blue way] by Tony van Roon-Werten, Winboard Forum, August 29, 2008 » Automated Tuning

2010 ...

 * [|Performancerating of Kasparov and Deep Blue in their matches] by Jens Bæk Nielsen, CCC, October 11, 2012
 * [|24 February 1993 - a disastrous day for Deep Blue] by Jens Bæk Nielsen, CCC, February 24, 2013
 * [|4 hours video: B Larsen met Deep Blue in 1993 in Copenhagen] by Jens Bæk Nielsen, CCC, June 01, 2014

2015 ...

 * [|New Pictures from Kasparov vs. Deep Blue] by Steve Maughan, CCC, February 10, 2016
 * [|Hash Tables Deep Blue] by Gustavo Mallada, CCC, May 18, 2017 » Transposition Table

=External Links=
 * [|IBM Research | Deep Blue | Overview]
 * [|Deep Blue] from The Computer History Museum
 * [|Deep Blue from Wikipedia]
 * [|Games at chessgames.com]
 * [|Deep Blue Prototype ICGA Tournaments]
 * [|IBM research: The making of Deep Blue]
 * [|IBM research: Home on the rematch]
 * [|"Deep Blue" inspires deep thinking about artificial intelligence by computer scientist] by [|Robert Irion], May 5, 1997
 * [|Modern Masters of an Ancient Game] (pdf) by Carol McKenna Hamilton and Sara Hedberg //AI Magazine Volume// 18 Number 4 (**1997**) (© AAAI)
 * [|Searching for Deep Blue, BYTE July 1997] by Tom R. Halfhill
 * [|Chess, Deep Blue, Kasparov and Intelligence] articles taken from the Archives of the New York Times
 * [|Von Kemplen's "The Turk" and IBM's "Deep Blue"] Conspiracies of a Hidden Human by [|Garnet Hertz], November 9, 2005
 * [|The Week in Chess Magazine: Open Letter from Feng-hsiung Hsu]
 * [|ChessBase: Behind Deep Blue] A review by James E. DuBois
 * [|A Decade After Kasparov's Defeat, Deep Blue Coder Relives Victory] //Wired News// Interview with Murray Campbell 05.11.07
 * [|Komodo 8: Deep Blue revisited (part one)] by Albert Silver, ChessBase News, December 26, 2014 » Komodo, Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1997
 * [|Komodo 8: Deep Blue revisited (part two)] by Albert Silver, ChessBase News, December 31, 2014
 * [|Komodo 8: Deep Blue revisited (part three)] by Albert Silver, ChessBase News, January 09, 2015
 * [|20 years ago, a computer first beat a chess world champion - 1996-1997 The Kasparov-Deep Blue chess matches] by [|Alex Q. Arbuckle], February 10, 2016
 * [|20 Years after Deep Blue: How AI Has Advanced Since Conquering Chess] by [|Larry Greenemeier], Scientific American, June 2, 2017 » Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1997, Murray Campbell

=Videos= > media type="custom" key="24268526" > media type="youtube" key="Wr9ie2J2690"
 * [|Chess computer Deep Blue and Bent Larsen in Copenhagen 1993 part 1], [|YouTube] Videos
 * [|Chess computer Deep Blue and Bent Larsen in Copenhagen 1993 part 2]
 * [|Chess computer Deep Blue and Bent Larsen in Copenhagen 1993 part 3 (final)]
 * IBM Research scientist Dr. Murray Campbell on Deep Blue, [|YouTube] Video
 * [|Checkmate: Members of IBM’s Deep Blue Team Discuss the World of Computer Chess], June 1, 2013 » Computer Chess - A Movie, Murray Campbell
 * Deep Purple - [|Highway Star], [|Machine Head] (1972), [|YouTube] Video

=References= =What links here?= include page="Deep Blue" component="backlinks" limit="80"
 * Up one Level**