Mikhail+R.+Shura-Bura

was a Soviet and Russian outstanding computer pioneer, applied mathematician, scholar, and the patriarch of domestic programming, who has made significant contributions to the establishment and development of software in the [|USSR]. || toc =Biography= Mikhail R. Shura-Bura studied at the Institute of Mathematics at Moscow State University under the guidance of [|Pavel Alexandrov], where he researched on [|general topology] and submitted a [|candidate dissertation] thesis in 1947 on //Projection Spectra of Bicompact Spaces//, and in 1952 he defended a [|doctoral dissertation] on //The Questions of Solving Mathematical Problems Involving a Large Number of Operations//. In 1952, he co-authored the first Soviet textbook on programming. Mikhail R. Shura-Bura was head of the [|Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics], [|Moscow Academy of Sciences], and professor of the department of system programming, Moscow State University, head of its Software Engineering Chair, and since 1994 Professor Emeritus at MSU. Two times Mikhail Romanovich Shura-Bura was awarded with the [|USSR State Prize], in 1955 for his contribution in the [|Soviet atomic bomb project], and in 1978 for the development of computer software.
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 * [[image:Shura_Bura.jpg link="http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/galglory_en/Shura-Bura.htm"]] ||~  || **Mikhail Romanovich Shura-Bura**, (Михаил Романович Шура-Бура, October 21, 1918 - December 14, 2008)
 * Mikhail R. Shura-Bura ||~  ||^   ||

=Strela= During the mid 50s, Mikhail R. Shura-Bura was involved in the software development for the [|Strela computer], where he developed programs for the calculation of the energy of [|nuclear explosions], and [|trajectory optimizations].

=M-20= In 1958, Mikhail R. Shura-Bura became chief developer of the M-20 computer under [|Sergey Alexeyevich Lebedev], where he designed the [|instruction codes], and took the most active part in developing the [|operating system] IS-2, a [|library] of standard programs, Algol and Fortran compilers, a chess playing program, and further continued working on [|trajectory optimizations] for [|satellites], also used for [|Yuri Gagarin's] first journey into [|outer space], when his [|Vostok] [|spacecraft] completed an [|orbit] of the [|Earth] on April 12, 1961.

=Computer Chess= Shura-Bura's chess playing program, presumably for the M-20, was developed in 1961 by a team headed by Shura-Bura.

=Quotes= from //The Early Development of Programming in the USSR//. 

Bitsets
Machine representation of sets i.e. foundation of Bitboards and Piece-Sets 

Computerized Chess
Study since 1958 include page="Quote Shura-Bura" =Selected Publications=
 * M. Šura-Bura (**1941**). //К теории бикомпактных пространств//. (Zur Theorie der bikompakten Räume), Recueil Mathématique - Matematicheskii Sbornik. Novaya Seriya, Vol. 9(51), No. 2, [|pdf] (Russian, German Resume)
 * Mikhail R. Shura-Bura (**1952**). //The Questions of Solving Mathematical Problems Involving a Large Number of Operations//. Doctoral Dissertation
 * [|Lazar A. Lyusternik], [|Aleksandr A. Abramov], [|Victor I. Shestakov], Mikhail R. Shura-Bura (**1952**). //Programming for High-Speed Electronic Computers//. (Программирование для электронных счетных машин)
 * [|V. I. Sobel'man], Mikhail R. Shura-Bura (**1962**). //[|Realization of recursive procedures in the language of AlGOL-60]//. (Реализация Рекурсивных Процедур В Языке Алгол-60) [|Zhurnal Vychislitel'noi Matematiki i Matematicheskoi Fiziki], Vol. 2, No. 2
 * Mikhail R. Shura-Bura (**1974**) //Software Implementation Studies: Problems and Prospects//. [|IFIP Congress 1974], Stockholm, Sweden » WCCC 1974
 * Andrey Ershov, Mikhail R. Shura-Bura (**1980**). //[|The Early Development of Programming in the USSR]//. in [|Nicholas C. Metropolis] (ed.) //[|A History of Computing in the Twentieth Century]//. [|Academic Press], pp. 137-196
 * The Editorial Board (**2009**). //To the Memory of Mikhail Romanovich Shura-Bura//. [|Programming and Computer Software], Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 181–182. © [|Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.], Original Russian Text © Editorial Board, published in [|Programmirovanie], Vol. 35, No. 4, [|pdf]

=External Links=
 * [|Mikhail Romanovich Shura-Bura] from the Russian Virtual Computer Museum
 * [|The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Mikhail Shura-Bura]
 * [|Шура-Бура, Михаил Романович - Материал из Википедии] (Wikipedia.ru Russian)
 * [|Лемма Шуры-Буры - Материал из Википедии] (Wikipedia.ru Russian, [|Lemma] Shura-Bura)
 * [|Школа программирования ИПМ им.М.В.Келдыша, Ю.Л.Кетков, Нижегородский университет] (Programming School KIAM, by Yu.L.Ketkov, [|University of Nizhni Novgorod])
 * [|Михаи Романович Шура-Бура], Obituary from [|Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics], [|Moscow Academy of Sciences] (Russian)
 * [|Михаил Шура-Бура родился 21 октября 1918 - Михаил Шура-Бура умер 14 декабря 2008] from [|calend.ru] (Russian)
 * [|Science and Scholarship definition] in the [|TheFreeDictionary.com], article from [|The Great Soviet Encyclopedia] (1979)

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