Donald+Michie

was a British researcher and pioneer in artificial intelligence and [|game theory]. During [|World War II], Michie worked with Alan Turing at [|Bletchley Park], with Jack Good and Shaun Wylie et al. in the section [|Newmanry] headed by [|Max Newman], contributing to crack the German [|Lorenz cipher]. In 1947-48, along with Wylie, Michie designed Machiavelli, a rival of Turing's Turochamp program.
 * Home * People * Donald Michie**
 * [[image:donald-michie-2.jpg link="http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/%7Edm/dm.html"]] ||~  || **Donald Michie**, (November 11, 1923 – July 7, 2007   )

Michie was head of the University of Edinburgh's Department of Machine Intelligence from 1965 until 1985, when he left to found the [|Turing Institute] in [|Glasgow]. Michie researched on game theory and computer games and chess. He was a close friend of David Levy and involved in the famous Levy Bet with John McCarthy, which occurred during an AI-workshop in Edinburgh, where Michie affirmed McCarthy to take the challenge by David Levy and even want to share the bet on McCarthy's site. || toc =Photos=  =Machine Learning= Michie began his first experiments in machine learning in 1960. His [|tic-tac-toe] machine MENACE (Machine Educable Noughts And Crosses Engine) demonstrated the basic principle of a self-reinforcing learning mechanism. MENACE employed Michie's conceptually simple general-purpose learning algorithm BOXES    which could also discover robust control strategies for the pole balancing problem , but was soon employed industrially to evolve strategies for automatic control, such as controlling a steel mill. in the traditions of [|Heath Robinson] and Charles Babbage  ||
 * Donald Michie ||~  ||^   ||
 * [[image:HayesMichie1984.JPG width="480" height="348"]] ||
 * Jean Hayes Michie and Donald Michie, Edinburgh 1984 ||
 * [[image:donald-michie-2003.jpg width="480" height="602" link="http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/%7Edm/donald-michie-2003.jpg"]] ||
 * Donald Michie receiving his honorary degree from [|Stirling University] in 2003 ||
 * Donald Michie receiving his honorary degree from [|Stirling University] in 2003 ||
 * [[image:jamesbridle-playful.023.jpg link="http://shorttermmemoryloss.com/menace/"]] ||
 * Self build MENACE by James Bridle

=The Need for Search= In //King and Rook Against King: Historical Background and a Problem on the Infinite Board// at the first Advances in Computer Chess conference, Donald Michie shows two positions, that are identical except one pawn, to demonstrate the need for search.

=Chess Endgames= Quote by Maarten van Emden in //I remember Donald Michie// :
 * [[image:http://webchess.freehostia.com/diag/chessdiag.php?fen=rn3rk1/p1q1nppp/bp2p3/2ppP3/P2P4/2PB1N2/2P2PPP/R1BQK2R%20w%20KQ%20-&size=medium&coord=yes&cap=no&stm=yes&fb=no&theme=classic&color1=E3CEAA&color2=635147&color3=000000 caption="rn3rk1/p1q1nppp/bp2p3/2ppP3/P2P4/2PB1N2/2P2PPP/R1BQK2R w KQ - ; bm Bxh7"]] || [[image:http://webchess.freehostia.com/diag/chessdiag.php?fen=rn3rk1/p1q1nppp/bp2p3/2ppP3/P2P4/2PB1N2/1P3PPP/R1BQK2R%20w%20KQ%20-&size=medium&coord=yes&cap=no&stm=yes&fb=no&theme=classic&color1=E3CEAA&color2=635147&color3=000000 caption="rn3rk1/p1q1nppp/bp2p3/2ppP3/P2P4/2PB1N2/1P3PPP/R1BQK2R w KQ - ; am Bxh7"]] ||

=Solving Chess?= Quote by Kathleen Spracklen on Donald Michie and their experiments, excerpt from //Oral History of Kathe and Dan Spracklen// :

=AI as Sport= Quote by John McCarthy from //AI as Sport//  :

=See also=
 * From Codebreaking to Computing - Video from The Computer History Museum
 * Machiavelli

=Selected Publications=

1945

 * Jack Good, Donald Michie, Geoffrey Timms (**1945**). //[|General Report on Tunny]// from [|The Turing Archive for the History of Computing]

1960 ...

 * Donald Michie (**1961**). //Trial and Error//. Penguin Science Survey
 * John Maynard Smith, Donald Michie (**1961**). //Machines that play games//. [|New Scientist], 12, 367-9. [|google books]
 * Jim Doran, Donald Michie (**1966**). //Experiments with the Graph Traverser Program.// Proc. Roy. Soc. (A), Vol. 294, pp. 235-259.
 * Donald Michie (**1966**). //Game Playing and Game Learning Automata.// Advances in Programming and Non-Numerical Computation, [|Leslie Fox] (ed.), pp. 183-200. Oxford, Pergamon. » Includes Appendix: //Rules of SOMAC// by John Maynard Smith, introduces [|Expectiminimax tree]
 * Donald Michie, Roger A. Chambers (**1968**). //Boxes: An experiment on adaptive control//. In E. Dale and D. Michie, editors, [|Machine Intelligence 2], Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, pp. 137-152, [|pdf]

1970 ...

 * Donald Michie (**1974**). //On Machine Intelligence//. Edinburgh: University Press, ISBN 10: 085224262X, ISBN 13: 9780852242629, [|abebooks.com], [|alibris.com], [|biblio.com]
 * Donald Michie (**1976**). //[|AL1: a package for generating strategies from tables]//. ACM SIGART Bulletin, Issue 59
 * Donald Michie (**1976**). //An Advice-Taking System for Computer Chess.// Computer Bulletin, Ser. 2, Vol. 10, pp. 12-14. ISSN 0010-4531.
 * Donald Michie (**1977**). //King and Rook Against King: Historical Background and a Problem on the Infinite Board//. Advances in Computer Chess 1
 * Donald Michie, Ivan Bratko (**1978**). //Advice Table Representations of Chess End-Game Knowledge//. Proceedings 3rd AISB/GI Conference, pp. 194-200.
 * Ivan Bratko, Danny Kopec, Donald Michie (**1978**). //Pattern-Based Representation of Chess Endgame Knowledge.// [|The Computer Journal, Vol. 21, No. 2], pp. 149-153. available as [|pdf reprint]
 * Donald Michie (**1979**). //The Computer Attacks Moravec Problem//. Personal Computing, Vol. 3, No. 10, pp. 73

1980 ...

 * Donald Michie (**1980**). //Chess with Computers//. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews. Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 215-227. ISSN 0308-0188.
 * Ivan Bratko, Donald Michie (**1980**). //[|An Advice Program For a Complex Chess Programming Task]//. [|Computer Journal, Vol. 23, No. 4], pp. 350-353.
 * Ivan Bratko, Donald Michie (**1980**). //A Representation of Pattern-Knowledge in Chess Endgames.// Advances in Computer Chess 2
 * Donald Michie (**1981**). //[|A Theory of Evaluative Comments in Chess with a Note on Minimaxing]//. [|The Computer Journal, Vol. 24, No. 3], pp. 278-286. reprinted in Computer Chess Compendium
 * Jaap van den Herik (**1981**). //Computer Chess Today and Tomorrow: An Interview with Donald Michie//. Advances in Computer Chess 3, Computer Chess Digest Annual 1984
 * Donald Michie (**1982**). //Chess with computers. Machine Intelligence and Related Topics//. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers.
 * Donald Michie (**1982**). //Information and Complexity in Chess//. Advances in Computer Chess 3
 * Danny Kopec, Donald Michie (**1983**). //Mismatch between machine representations and human concepts: dangers and remedies.// FAST series No. 9 report. European Community, Brussels.
 * Donald Michie (**1986**). //The superarticulacy phenomenon in the context of software manufacture.// Proc. Roy. Soc. (A).
 * Donald Michie (**1986**). //Towards a Knowledge Accelerator//. Advances in Computer Chess 4
 * Alen Shapiro, Donald Michie (**1986**). //A Self-commenting Facility for Inductively Synthesised Endgame Expertise//. Advances in Computer Chess 4
 * Donald Michie, Ivan Bratko (**1987**). //Ideas on Knowledge Synthesis Stemming from the KBBKN Endgame//. ICCA Journal, Vol. 10, No. 1
 * Donald Michie, Ivan Bratko (**1987**). //Ideas on Knowledge Synthesis - a Correction//. ICCA Journal, Vol. 10, No. 2
 * Donald Michie (**1989**). //Automating the Discovery of Structure in Time-Varying Data//. Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search
 * Donald Michie (**1989**). //Brute Force in Chess and Science//. ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 3
 * Donald Michie, Michael Bain (**1989**). //Machines That Learn and Machines That Teach//. [|SCAI 1989]
 * Stephen Muggleton, Michael Bain, Jean Hayes Michie, Donald Michie (**1989**). //An Experimental Comparison of Human and Machine Learning Formalisms//. [|6. ML 1989], [|pdf]

1990 ...

 * Donald Michie (**1990**). //Brute Force in Chess and Science//. Computers, Chess, and Cognition
 * Donald Michie, Ivan Bratko (**1991**). //Comments to `Chunking for Experience'//. ICCA Journal, Vol. 14, No. 1
 * Jean Hayes Michie, Donald Michie (**1998**). //Simulator-Mediated Acquisition of a Dynamic Control Skill//. [|AI & Sociaty Vol. 12 No. 1]

=External Links=
 * [|Donald Michie from Wikipedia]
 * [|The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Donald Michie]
 * [|Curriculum Vitae - Professor Donald Michie]
 * [|The Machine Intelligence series]
 * [|Turing Trust - Historical Note] by Donald Michie
 * [|Turing 1990 - Final Reminder] From: Turing Conference
 * [|Artificial Intelligence - Recollections of the Pioneers]

=References= =What links here?= include page="Donald Michie" component="backlinks" limit="120"
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