Doubled+Pawn

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A Pawn is **doubled** (or, sad to say, tripled) if there are more pawns of the same color on a given file. Early programs and papers advocated evaluation it as half a pawn, today the penalty uses to be less severe.

It might be argued that, given a perfect pawn structure evaluation, a term such as doubled pawns would not be needed, since they usually introduce another pawn structure weaknesses: some kind of backwardness, lack of a candidate passer that otherwise would be there etc. However, most evaluation functions do not go into such details as to justify removing this term.

=Types of Doubled Pawns= Hans Berliner characterizes doubled pawns by their exchange potential against opponent pawns on adjacent files :

 =Crippled Majority= A doubled pawn of a so called "crippled" majority devalue that majority. Hans Berliner on following position in //Some Innovations Introduced by Hitech// :
 * [[image:http://webchess.freehostia.com/diag/chessdiag.php?fen=8/1p6/p3pp1p/8/8/1PP2P1P/1P3P1P/8%20w%20-%20-&size=medium&coord=yes&cap=no&stm=no&fb=no&theme=classic&color1=E3CEAA&color2=635147&color3=000000]] ||~ || ||
 * 8/1p6/p3pp1p/8/8/1PP2P1P/1P3P1P/8 w - - ||~ ||^ ||


 * [[image:http://webchess.freehostia.com/diag/chessdiag.php?fen=8/1pp2ppp/1p6/8/8/5P2/PPP2PPP/8%20w%20-%20-&size=medium&coord=yes&cap=no&stm=no&fb=no&theme=classic&color1=E3CEAA&color2=635147&color3=000000]] ||~ || ||
 * 8/1pp2ppp/1p6/8/8/5P2/PPP2PPP/8 w - - ||~ ||^ ||

=All About Doubled Pawns= The vast amount of detailed knowledge about doubled pawns, which rarely gets implemented, can be found in the article //All About Doubled Pawns// by Larry Kaufman.

=See also=
 * Double and Triple (Bitboards)
 * Isolated Pawn
 * Pawn Islands
 * Pawn Majority

=Publications=
 * Larry Kaufman (**2005**). //[|All About Doubled Pawns]//. (first published in [|Chess Life], May 2005, p.22)

=Forum Posts=
 * [|Doubled and Backward Pawn Engine "Definitions"] by Brian Richardson, CCC, September 07, 2009
 * [|passed but doubled pawns] by Jon Dart, CCC, June 15, 2015 » Passed Pawn
 * [|Doubled pawns] by Stefano Gemma, CCC, May 11, 2016

=External Links= > media type="custom" key="24855798" > media type="custom" key="24855800"
 * [|Doubled Pawn from Wikipedia]
 * [|All About Doubled Pawns] by IM Larry Kaufman
 * [|Doubled Pawns Strength and weakness] by [|Georgi Orlov]
 * [|Ástor Piazzolla] - [|Tristezas de un Doble A], [|Montreux Jazz Festival], 1985 [|YouTube] Videos

=References= =What links here?= include page="Doubled Pawn" component="backlinks" limit="40"
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