IBM+360

a 32-bit [|mainframe computer] system family announced by IBM's 2nd president, [|Thomas Watson, Jr.] on April 7, 1964, and delivered between 1965 and 1978. The chief architect of System/360 was [|Gene Amdahl], the project was managed by Fred Brooks. || toc =Technology= Early 360 models used [|Solid Logic Technology]. The **360/195** (1971) had [|ECL] [|integrated circuits] for the arithmetic and logic operations in the central processor combined with the 32 KiB high speed buffer memory. Each silicon memory chip was about 0.125 inches square and consisted of 664 [|transistors] and [|diodes] etc. Each memory chip stored 64 bits of data. Two memory chips were mounted on a 0.5 inch ceramic substrate. A typical 360/195 configuration would be a single CPU with 2 MiB core memory, an operator's [|console] with a [|cathode-ray tube] (CRT) display for diagnostics and operator control.
 * Home * Hardware * IBM 360**
 * [[image:WatsonAnnounce360.jpg link="http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/mainframe-computers/7/161/576"]] ||~ || **IBM System/360**,
 * [|Watson] announcing the 360 ||~ ||^ ||

=Architecture= The System/360 had a [|pipelined] architecture with 16 32-bit general-purpose registers, four 64-bit floating-point registers, and 24-bit (16 MiB) byte-addressable interleaved memory of Big-endian byte/word order. Most models used [|microcode] to implement the instruction set. Machine instructions had operators with operands, which could contain register numbers or memory addresses. Binary arithmetic and logical operations are performed as register-to-register and as memory-to-register/register-to-memory as a standard feature, and had 4-bit nibble, 8-bit byte, 16-bit halfword, 32-bit word , 64-bit double word or 128-bit quad word memory operands, or even 2048 byte storage blocks. Five separate units allowed the **360/195** to overlap and process up to seven different operations at the same time. The [|floating-point] unit could handle up to two additions and a multiplication at one time.

=Photos= The machine ran J. Biit at ACM 1970, and CCCP at ACM 1971 ||
 * [[image:IBM360-67AtUmichWithMikeAlexander.jpg width="580" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IBM360-67AtUmichWithMikeAlexander.jpg"]] ||
 * Mike Alexander at the console of the [|IBM S/360 Model 67] ca 1969 ||
 * [[image:IBM360-91Install.jpg width="580" link="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/36091.html"]] ||
 * Installation of the IBM 360/91 at Columbia University in 1969
 * Installation of the IBM 360/91 at Columbia University in 1969
 * [[image:MasterTeam.JPG width="580" link="http://www.chilton-computing.org.uk/gallery/ral/slide28.htm"]] ||
 * Master on the 360/195. Alex Bell, Geoff Lambert, Peter Kent, John Birmingham and John Waldron ||
 * Master on the 360/195. Alex Bell, Geoff Lambert, Peter Kent, John Birmingham and John Waldron ||

=Chess Programs=
 * CCCP
 * COKO III
 * Fischer-Schneider
 * J. Biit
 * Kaissa (ICL 4/70)
 * Master
 * Schach

=See also=
 * IBM 370
 * ICL 4-70

=Selected Publications=
 * [|David K. Gifford], [|Alfred Z. Spector] (**1987**). //Case Study: IBM’S System/360-370 Architecture//. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 30, No. 4, [|pdf]
 * [|Emerson W. Pugh], [|Lyle R. Johnson], [|John H. Palmer] (**1991**). //[|IBM's 360 and Early 370 Systems]//. [|The MIT Press]

=External Links=

IBM System/360
> [|History of IBM - 1960–1968: The System/360 era] > [|IBM System/360 architecture] > [|IBM System/360 Model 67] > [|IBM Archives: Mainframes introduction 2] > [|IBM Archives: System/360 Model 91] > [|Inside System/360] from The Computer History Museum
 * [|IBM System/360 from Wikipedia]
 * [|Computer History: IBM 360/370/3090/390 Model Numbers]
 * [|IBM Archives: System/360 Announcement]
 * [|IBM System/360] from The Computer History Museum
 * [|The IBM 360/91] - Columbia University
 * [|System/360 Model 195 from Chilton Computing], Atlas Computer Laboratory
 * [|Why won't you DIE? IBM's S/360 and its legacy at 50] by [|Gavin Clarke], [|The Register], April 07, 2014

Peripheral

 * [|IBM 2250 Graphics Display Unit from Wikipedia]

Operating Systems

 * [|BOS/360 from Wikipedia]
 * [|DOS/360 and successors - Wikipedia]
 * [|OS/360 and successors - Wikipedia]

Assembly

 * [|360 Assembly - Wikibooks]
 * [|IBM Basic assembly language and successors - Wikipedia]

Misc

 * [|Starring the Computer - IBM System/360]

=References= =What links here?= include page="IBM 360" component="backlinks" limit="60"
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