Home * History

History of Computer Chess

About ancient programs, computer chess pioneers and chess programming history.

Early Theorists

	Ernst Zermelo 1871 - 1953				Norbert Wiener 1894 - 1964
	John von Neumann 1903 - 1957				Konrad Zuse 1910 - 1995
	Alan Turing 1912 - 1954				Claude Shannon 1916 - 2001

Famous Historic Computers and Programs

	Computer - Program	Author(s)	year	Features
	El Ajedrecista	Leonardo Torres y Quevedo	1912	Electro-mechanical KRK Solver
	Turochamp	Alan Turing, David Champernowne	1948	"paper machine"
	Machiavelli	Donald Michie, Shaun Wylie	1948	"paper machine"
	Nemes' Chess Machine	Tihamér Nemes	1949	Design of electro-mechanical Mate-in-two Solver
	Shannon's Chess Machine	Claude Shannon	1950	Relay-based chess machine
	Mate-in-two	Dietrich Prinz	1951	Mate-in-two Solver
	MANIAC I	Stanislaw Ulam et al.	1956	Los Alamos chess 6*6 board
	The Bernstein Chess Program	Alex Bernstein et al.	1958	Shannon Type B
	NSS Chess Program	Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon	1958	Shannon Type B, Alpha-Beta approx.
	Kotok-McCarthy-Program	Alan Kotok, John McCarthy et al.	1962	Shannon Type B, Alpha-Beta
	ITEP Chess Program	Georgy Adelson-Velsky et al.	1963	Shannon Type A, Alpha-Beta
	The Greenblatt Chess Program	Richard Greenblatt et al.	1967	Shannon Type B, Transposition Table, Opening Book
	The Technology Chess Program	James Gillogly et al.	1970	Shannon Type A, Pondering
	Kaissa	Mikhail Donskoy et al.	1970	Shannon Type A, Bitboards, Null Move Pruning
	Chess 4.0	David Slate, Larry Atkin	1973	Shannon Type A, Bitboards
	Belle	Ken Thompson and Joe Condon	1978	Shannon Type A, Chess Hardware
	Cray Blitz	Robert Hyatt, Albert Gower, Harry Nelson	1983	Shannon Type A, Dynamic Tree Splitting
	HiTech	Hans Berliner et al.	1985	Alpha-Beta or B*, Chess Hardware
	Deep Thought	Feng-hsiung Hsu et al.	1986	Shannon Type A, Chess Hardware

Famous Matches

• Stanford-ITEP Match
• Levy versus Chess 1978
• Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1996
• Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1997
  The Machine

Tournaments

• ACM North American Computer Chess Championship since 1970
• World Computer Chess Championship since 1974

People

Pages with the tag "pioneers"

• 1. Alan Turing
  2. Alex Bernstein
  3. Alexander Brudno
  4. Alexander Kronrod
  5. Allen Newell
  6. Arthur Samuel
  7. Christopher Strachey
  8. Claude Shannon
  9. Cliff Shaw
  10. Dietrich Prinz
  11. Donald Knuth
  12. Donald Michie
  13. Edward Feigenbaum
  14. Edward Fredkin
  15. Ernst Zermelo
  16. Georgy Adelson-Velsky
  17. Herbert Simon
  18. Jack Good
  19. John McCarthy
  20. John Pasta
  21. John von Neumann
  22. Konrad Zuse
  23. Leonardo Torres y Quevedo
  24. Marvin Minsky
  25. Mikhail Botvinnik
  26. Mikhail R. Shura-Bura
  27. Norbert Wiener
  28. Stanislaw Ulam
  29. Tihamér Nemes

Programming History

• History of Minimax
• History of Alpha-Beta
• History of Principal Variation Search
• History of Retrograde Analysis
• Bitboard History
• History of Null Move Pruning

Museums

related to Computer Chess History:

• The Computer History Museum
• Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum
• Russian Virtual Computer Museum

See also

• Mathematician

Publications

• Alexander Reinefeld (2005). Die Entwicklung der Spielprogrammierung: Von John von Neumann bis zu den hochparallelen Schachmaschinen. slides as pdf, Themen der Informatik im historischen Kontext Ringvorlesung an der HU Berlin, 02.06.2005 (English paper, German title)
• Jill Cirasella, Danny Kopec (2006). The History of Computer Games. pdf
• Dag Spicer, Kirsten Tashev (2006). The Quest to build a Thinking Machine - A History of Computer Chess. Core 5.1 a publication of The Computer History Museum, pdf

Forum Posts

• What Chess programs existed in the '60s? by Pete Galati, CCC, April 13, 2000
• Computer Chess History, a lot of links inside by Vincent Lejeune, January 04, 2013
• Checkmate: IBM’s Deep Blue Team Discuss the World Comp Chess by Vincent Lejeune, July 30, 2013
• Old programs CHAOS and USC by Eugene Piercy, CCC, July 11, 2015
  Re: Old programs CHAOS and USC by Dann Corbit, CCC, July 11, 2015

External Links

History of AI

• History of artificial intelligence from Wikipedia » Artificial Intelligence
• History of Artificial Intelligence from Stottler Henke, Inc.
• Short History of Computing, AI and Robotics by Philipp Schaumann
• The “Modern” History of Artificial Intelligence and Programs from Neuroscience Of Intelligence
• Early History Artificial Intelligence and Games

History of Computer Chess

• Classic Computer Chess - ... The programs of yesteryear by Carey, hosted by the Internet Archive ^[1]
• Computer chess chronology (1729-2011) in Wikipedia
• Core 5.1 Computer Chess (pdf) from The Computer History Museum
• Computer Chess: The Drosophila of AI by L. Stephen Coles, October 30, 2002, Dr. Dobbs
• Chess Computers - The UK Story from Chess Computer UK by Mike Watters
• Computer Chess History Pages, CSVN
• Competitions, Controversies, and Computer Chess (pdf) by Michael Brudno (May 2000)
• Les premiers automates, blitzchess.fr (French)
• Historic Pictures from the Rebel site of Ed Schröder
• History of Computer Chess from The Computer History Museum
• The History of Computer Chess - an AI Perspective, September 08, 2005, The Computer History Museum, YouTube Video no longer available ^[2]
  Murray Campbell, Edward Feigenbaum, David Levy, John McCarthy, Monty Newborn
• A Brief History of Computer Chess | The Best Schools by Erik J. Larson
• "20 Halbzüge nach 30 Millionen Jahren" by Stephan Oliver Platz, ChessBase Nachrichten, November 20, 2017 (German) incorporated in
  TCEC: Superfinal Houdini vs Komodo by Stephan Oliver Platz, ChessBase News, November 23, 2017 » TCEC Season 10

Computer Chess - A Movie

• Computer Chess" by Andrew Bujalski - Media, Visual Arts - USA Projects - Artist Fundraising & Advocacy » ACM North American Computer Chess Championship
• Compter Chess - A Movie by Andrew Bujalski, Sundance Film Festival, 2013 ^[3]
• Berlin Film Festival 2013: 'Computer Chess' review ^{[4] [5] [6]}
• Computer Chess - Festival Program | Sundance Institute
• Computer Chess | Facebook
• Computer Chess Official Trailer 1 (2013) - Comedy Movie HD, YouTube Video
  
• Checkmate: Members of IBM’s Deep Blue Team Discuss the World of Computer Chess, June 1, 2013 » Murray Campbell, Deep Blue

References

1. ^ Re: Old programs CHAOS and USC by Dann Corbit, CCC, July 11, 2015
2. ^ An Oldie but a Goodie by Stuart Cracraft, CCC, August 16, 2008
3. ^ Computer Chess – the movie, ChessBase News, January 21, 2013
4. ^ Berlin International Film Festival - Wikipedia
5. ^ they made a movie about us... by Thorsten Czub, CCC, February 15, 2013
6. ^ Computer Chess | Film | Kritik | critic.de (German)

What links here?

Up one level