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		Johannes (John) Theodorus Tromp, a Dutch mathematician and computer scientist with a Ph.D. in 1993 on algorithms and complexity from University of Amsterdam under advisor Paul Vitányi. His research interests include artificial intelligence and board games such as Connect Four, Chess and Go, complexity, algorithmic information theory, distributed computing, and computational biology. His recreational interests include playing Go and chess. He was affiliated with the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) and currently resides in Long Island, New York [1].
John Tromp [2]

Number of Positions

John Tromp has researched on counting the number of legal positions in Go and reachable chess positions, and gives an upper bound of 7728772977965919677164873487685453137329736522 (about 10^45.888 or ~ 2^152.437) on the number of chess positions, but states, like the bound of ~10^46.25 published by Shirish Chinchalkar ^[3], that it requires better documentation to be considered verifiable ^[4]. On January 20, 2016, the number of legal positions on a standard size Go board was determined to be ^[5]:

L19 = 208168199381979984699478633344862770286522453884530548425639456820927419612738015378525648451698519643907259916015628128546089888314427129715319317557736620397247064840935 

or more compact

2081681993819799846
9947863334486277028
6522453884530548425
6394568209274196127
3801537852564845169
8519643907259916015
6281285460898883144
2712971531931755773
6620397247064840935

The approximation

L19 ~ 2.081681994 * 10^170

has been known since 2006. So what took 10 years to nail it down to the last digit? ^[6]

Selected Publications

^[7]

1989

• John Tromp (1989). How to Construct an Atomic Variable (Extended Abstract). WDAG 1989

1990 ...

• Yehuda Afek, Eli Gafni, John Tromp, Paul M. B. Vitányi (1992). Wait-free Test-and-Set (Extended Abstract). WDAG 1992
• John Tromp (1993). Aspects of Algorithms and Complexity. Ph.D. thesis, University of Amsterdam, advisor Paul M. B. Vitányi
• John Tromp, Jeffrey Shallit (1995). Subword Complexity of a Generalized Thue-Morse Word. Information Processing Letters, Vol. 54, No. 6 ^{[8] [9]}
• Ming Li, John Tromp, Paul M. B. Vitányi (1996). How to Share Concurrent Wait-Free Variables. Journal of the ACM, Vol. 43, No. 4

2000 ...

• Marcel Crâşmaru, John Tromp (2000). Ladders Are PSPACE-Complete. CG 2000
• John Tromp, Paul M. B. Vitányi (2001). Randomized Two-Process Wait-Free Test-and-Set. CoRR
• John Tromp, Paul M. B. Vitányi (2002). A Protocol for Randomized Anonymous Two-process Wait-free Test-and-Set with Finite-state Verification. SIROCCO
• John Tromp (2006). Binary Lambda Calculus and Combinatory Logic. Kolmogorov Complexity and Applications
• John Tromp, Gunnar Farnebäck (2006). Combinatorics of Go. CG 2006
• John Tromp, Gunnar Farnebäck (2009). Combinatorics of Go. (revised version of the CG 2006 paper), ps

2010 ...

• Ingo Althöfer (2011). John Tromp in the Style of David Levy: 4-0 win in the Go bet. ICGA Journal, Vol. 34, No. 2 ^[10]
• John Tromp (2014). Cuckoo Cycle: a memory-hard proof-of-work system. IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive ^{[11] [12]}
• John Tromp (2016). The number of legal Go positions. CG 2016
• John Tromp, Matthieu Walraet (2016). A googolplex of Go games. CG 2016

Postings

• entropy of chess positions by John Tromp, rgc, April 15, 1991
• Number of Go positions computed at last by John Tromp, The Computer-go Archives, January 22, 2016
• longest 3x3 game by John Tromp, Computer Go Archive, February 18, 2016

External Links

• John Tromp HomePage
  John's Chess Playground
  John's Connect Four Playground » Connect Four
  John's Go Page » Go
  Counting Legal Positions in Go, January 20, 2016
  Programming Pearls
• The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Johannes Tromp
• John Tromp at Sensei's Library
• John Tromp | LinkedIn

References

1. ^ John Tromp HomePage
2. ^ John Tromp HomePage
3. ^ Shirish Chinchalkar (1996). An Upper Bound for the Number of Reachable Positions. ICCA Journal, Vol. 19, No. 3
4. ^ John's Chess Playground - Number of chess diagrams and positions
5. ^ Number of Go positions computed at last by John Tromp, The Computer-go Archives, January 22, 2016
6. ^ Counting Legal Positions in Go by John Tromp, January 20, 2016
7. ^ dblp: John Tromp
8. ^ Prouhet–Thue–Morse Sequence, Prouhet–Thue–Morse constant from Wikipedia
9. ^ Combinatorics on words from Wikipedia
10. ^ The Shodan Go Bet
11. ^ Cuckoo Cycle: a new memory-hard proof-of-work system by John Tromp, Bitcoin Forum, January 08, 2014
12. ^ Cuckoo hashing from Wikipedia

What links here?

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