Raymond Merrill Smullyan, (May 25, 1919 - February 6, 2017 [1]) was an American mathematician, logician, philosopher, magician, pianist, and Professor Emeritus of Philosophy from Indiana University Bloomington. He held a Ph.D. in mathematics on the theory of formal systems from Princeton University under advisor Alonzo Church [2]. Smullyan was author of fourteen books and of numerous research articles on the topics of mathematical logic, first-order logic, set theory, theory of computable functions, recreational mathematics, mathematical games and puzzles, retrograde chess problems, and Eastern philosophy. He has been a contributor to Scientific American [3].
Raymond Smullyan [4]

See also

• Retrograde Analysis

Selected Publications

1959

• Raymond Smullyan (1959). Theory of Formal Systems. Ph.D. thesis, Princeton University, advisor Alonzo Church

1960 ...

• Raymond Smullyan (1961). Theory of Formal Systems. AM-47, Annals of Mathematics, Princeton University Press
• Raymond Smullyan (1968). First-Order Logic. Springer-Verlag ^[5]

1970 ...

• Raymond Smullyan (1977). The Tao Is Silent. HarperOne
• Raymond Smullyan (1977). Is God a Taoist? MIT
• Raymond Smullyan (1978). What Is the Name of This Book? The Riddle of Dracula and Other Logical Puzzles. Prentice Hall ^{[6] [7]}
• Raymond Smullyan (1979). The Chess Mysteries of Sherlock Holmes. Knopf ^[8]

1980 ...

• Raymond Smullyan (1981). The Chess Mysteries of the Arabian Knights . Knopf ^[9]
  

  Where is the white king?

• Raymond Smullyan (1982). The Lady or the Tiger? - ladies, tigers, and more logic puzzles. Random House ^{[10] [11]}
• Raymond Smullyan (1982). An Epistemological Nightmare. MIT ^[12]
• Raymond Smullyan (1985). To Mock a Mockingbird and Other Logic Puzzles: Including an Amazing Adventure in Combinatory Logic. Knopf
• Raymond Smullyan (1987). Alice in Puzzle-Land: A Carrollian Tale for Children Under Eighty. Penguin Books, Introduction by Martin Gardner

1990 ...

• Raymond Smullyan (1992). Satan, Cantor and Infinity: Mind-Boggling Puzzles. Knopf
• Raymond Smullyan (1992). Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems. Oxford University Press ^[13]
• Raymond Smullyan (1993). Recursion Theory for Metamathematics. Oxford University Press ^[14]
• Raymond Smullyan (1994). Diagonalization and Self-Reference. Oxford University Press
• Raymond Smullyan (1995). First-Order Logic. Dover Publications
• Raymond Smullyan (1996). Set Theory and the Continuum Problem. Oxford University Press ^[15]
• Raymond Smullyan (1998). The Riddle of Scheherazade: And Other Amazing Puzzles. Mariner Books

2000 ...

• Raymond Smullyan (2000). To Mock a Mockingbird - And Other Logic Puzzles. Oxford University Press
• Raymond Smullyan (2002). Some Interesting Memories: A Paradoxical Life. Thinkers' Press
• Raymond Smullyan (2003). Who Knows? A Study of Religious Consciousness. Indiana University Press
• Raymond Smullyan (2007). The Magic Garden of George B. And Other Logic Puzzles. Polimetrica
• Raymond Smullyan (2008). Logical Labyrinths. A K Peters
• Raymond Smullyan (2009). Satan, Cantor and Infinity: Mind-Boggling Puzzles. Dover Publications

2010 ...

• Raymond Smullyan (2010). King Arthur in Search of His Dog and Other Curious Puzzles. Dover Books on Mathematics
• Raymond Smullyan (2011). The Chess Mysteries of Sherlock Holmes. Dover Books on Mathematics, reprint of the Knopf, 1979 edition ^{[16] [17]}
• Raymond Smullyan (2013). The Gödelian Puzzle Book: Puzzles, Paradoxes and Proofs. Dover Publications
• Jason Rosenhouse, Raymond Smullyan (2014). Four Lives: A Celebration of Raymond Smullyan. Dover Publications

External Links

Smullyan

• Raymond Smullyan from Wikipedia
• Raymond Smullyan - Wikiquote
• Raymond Smullyan | Department of Philosophy | Indiana University Bloomington
• The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Raymond Smullyan
• Smullyan biography
• Raymond Smullyan and friends from Kadon Enterprises, Inc.
• Raymond Smullyan - Pianist at Piano Society
• Mathematician and puzzle-maker Raymond Smullyan dead at 97 by Hannah Osborne, International Business Times, February 10, 2017
• In Joop van Oosterom and Raymond Smullyan, chess loses two colorful characters by David R. Sands, Washington Times, February 14, 2017 ^[18]

A Mathematical Mystery Tour

• A Mathematical Mystery Tour - BBC Horizon Documentary (1984), Vimeo Video
  featuring Jean Dieudonné, Michael Atiyah, Greg Moore, Paul Erdős, René Thom, Raymond Smullyan, and Ivor Grattan-Guinness - White Knight at 36:45
  
• Intro
  • Fermat's Last Theorem 0:30
  • Goldbach's conjecture 0:39
  • Riemann hypothesis 0:52
  • Classification Problem for 4-D Manifolds 1:02
  • P versus NP problem 1:16
  • Invariant Subspace Problem for Hilbert Spaces 1:28
• A Mathematical Mystery Tour 1:50

1. Proof Beyond Doubt 2:51
   • Proof
   • Euclid's theorem 3:32
   • Are there infinitely many twin primes? 3:55
   • Erdős' problems 4:23
   • Goldbach's conjecture 5:07
   • Mertens conjecture 5:35
   • Euclid's Elements 6:15
   • Chinese mathematics 6:42
   • Egyptian mathematics 7:02
   • Fermat's Last Theorem 8:30
2. The Language of Abstraction 12:20
   • Bourbaki Group 12:24
   • Abstract structure 15:30
   • Euclidean geometry 16:12
   • Non-Euclidean geometry 16:45
   • Hypercube 17:08
   • Klein bottle 18:08
3. Discovery or Invention 19:18
   • History of mathematics 19:20
   • Platonism 20:15
   • Pythagorean theorem 20:21
   • Golden rectangle 20:35
   • Golden ratio
4. Playing the Numbers 22:13
   • Pi 22:18
   • Mersenne prime 24:07
5. The Taming of the Infinite 25:37
   • Infinity 25:37
   • Countable set 26:08
   • Uncountable set 27:25
   • Aleph number 28:17
6. Contradictions and Paradoxes 29:22
   • Mathematical logic 29:40
   • Russell's paradox 31:23
   • Principia Mathematica 33:50
   • Hilbert's program 35:40
   • Gödel's incompleteness theorems 39:03
7. Incomplete Future 40:20
   • Four color theorem 44:00
   • Computer-assisted proof 44:50

References

1. ^ Mathematician and puzzle-maker Raymond Smullyan dead at 97 by Hannah Osborne, International Business Times, February 10, 2017
2. ^ The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Raymond Smullyan
3. ^ Raymond Smullyan | Department of Philosophy | Indiana University Bloomington
4. ^ Smullyan Portraits, McTutor History of Mathematics
5. ^ first-order logic from Wikipedia
6. ^ George Boolos (1996). The Hardest Logic Puzzle Ever. The Harvard Review of Philosophy. Vol. 6, pdf
7. ^ Knights and Knaves - Wikipedia
8. ^ Smullyan Problem in Sherlock Holmes book by Christopher Heckman, rgcc, January 18, 2013
9. ^ Retrospektive (Retroanalyse) from German Wikipedia, Raymond Smullyan, Manchester Guardian, 1957
10. ^ inspired by Frank R. Stockton (1882). The Lady, or the Tiger? The Century Magazine
11. ^ Tiefes Wasser, Der Spiegel 32/1982 (German)
12. ^ Epistemology from Wikipedia
13. ^ Gödel's incompleteness theorems - Wikipedia
14. ^ Metamathematics from Wikipedia
15. ^ Continuum hypothesis from Wikipedia
16. ^ Raymond Smullyan introducing retrograde analysis in the game of chess
17. ^ Smullyan Problem in Sherlock Holmes book by Christopher Heckman, rgcc, January 18, 2013
18. ^ Joop van Oosterom from Wikipedia

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