Home * Tournaments * World Computer Chess Championship * 2nd WCCC Toronto 1977
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		The Second World Computer Chess Championship took place from August 7 to 9, 1977, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, under the auspices of the new founded ICCA. It was a four round swiss tournament with 16 participants. Chess 4.6 was the sole winner with 4 out of 4.
David Levy [1]

Final Standing

2nd World Computer Chess Championship 1977, Toronto CA ^{[2] [3] [4]} .

#	Program	CC	R1	R2	R3	R4	P	SOS	SoDOS
1	Chess 4.6	US	13w1	6b1	2w1	4b1	4	9	9
2	Duchess	US	3w1	7w1	1b0	6b1	3	11	7
3	Kaissa	SU	2b0	16w1	5b1	11b1	3	7	4
4	Belle	US	11w½	12b1	8w1	1w0	2½	9	4¼
5	CHAOS	US	15w1	8b½	3w0	12b1	2½	7½	3½
6	Master	GB	14b1	1w0	10b1	2w0	2	10½	3½
7	Ostrich	CA	9w1	2b0	11w½	13b½	2	8	3½
8	Dark Horse	SE	16b1	5w½	4b0	9b½	2	7	2¼
9	Wita	CA	7b0	13b1	15w½	8w½	2	6½	3
10	Elsa	DE	12w½	11b½	6w0	15b1	2	6	2½
11	Black Knight	US	4b½	10w½	7b½	3w0	1½	9½	3¼
12	Blitz 5	US	10b½	4w0	14b1	5w0	1½	8½	2½
13	BCP	GB	1b0	9w0	16b1	7w½	1½	8	1
14	Chute 1.2	CA	6w0	15b½	12w0	16b1	1½	4½	½
15	Bs6676	NL	5b0	14w½	9b½	10w0	1	8	1¾
16	Tell	CH	8w0	3b0	13w0	14w0	0	8	0

• CC Country Codes
• SOS: Sum of Opponent Scores
• SoDOS: Sum of Defeated Opponent Scores

Participants

2nd World Computer Chess Championship 1977, Toronto CA ^[5]

Program	CC	Authors	Hardware	Language
BCP	GB	Don Beal	CDC 6400	Fortran and Assembly
Belle	US	Ken Thompson, Joe Condon	PDP-11 + Chess Hardware	C
Black Knight	US	Fred Prouse, Kenn Sogge, Gary Maltzen, Lonny Lebahn	UNIVAC 1110	Fortran
Blitz 5	US	Robert Hyatt	XDS Sigma 9	Fortran
Bs6676	NL	Barend Swets	IBM 370/168	Fortran
Chess 4.6	US	Larry Atkin, David Slate, David Cahlander	CDC Cyber 176	Assembly
CHAOS	US	Mike Alexander, Victor Berman, Ira Ruben, Fred Swartz, William Toikka, Joe Winograd	Amdahl 470v/6	Fortran
Chute 1.2	CA	Michael Valenti, Zvonko Vranesic	Amdahl 470v/6	XPL
Dark Horse	SE	Ulf Rathsman	CDC 6400	Fortran
Duchess	US	Eric Jensen, Tom Truscott, Bruce Wright	IBM 370/165	PL/I and Assembly
Elsa	DE	Ludwig Zagler	TR 440	Assembly
Kaissa	SU	Mikhail Donskoy, Vladimir Arlazarov, Anatoly Uskov, Georgy Adelson-Velsky	IBM 370/168	Assembly
Master	GB	John Birmingham, Peter Kent	IBM 370/168	PL/I
Ostrich	CA	Monty Newborn, George Arnold	SuperNOVA	Assembly
Tell	CH	Johann Joss	DEC KL-10	Algol 60
Wita	CA	Tony Marsland	Amdahl 470v/6	Algol W

• CC Country Codes

Selected Games

Round 1, Duchess - Kaissa ^[6] , where Kaissa surprised with 34... Re8 ^[7]

[Event "WCCC 1977"]
[Site "Toronto, Canada"]
[Date "1977.08.07"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Duchess"]
[Black "Kaissa"]
[Result "1-0"]
 
1.e4 d5 2.exd5 Nf6 3.d4 Nxd5 4.Nf3 g6 5.Be2 Bg7 6.c4 Nb6 7.Nc3 O-O 8.Be3 Bg4
9.c5 Nd5 10.O-O e6 11.Qb3 b6 12.Nxd5 exd5 13.Bg5 Qd7 14.h3 Bf5 15.Qc3 Re8
16.Rfe1 Be4 17.Nd2 Qf5 18.Be3 Qe6 19.Nxe4 dxe4 20.cxb6 cxb6 21.Rec1 Nd7 22.Bg4
Qd5 23.Qc6 Nf6 24.Be2 Rad8 25.Qa4 Re7 26.Bb5 Qf5 27.Rc2 Nd5 28.Rac1 Bf6 29.Qb3
a5 30.g4 Qe6 31.Rc6 a4 32.Qxa4 Rd6 33.Rxd6 Qxd6 34.Qa8+ Re8 35.Qxe8+ Kg7 36.g5
Bd8 37.Bc4 Qe7 38.Qxe7 Nxe7 39.Bf4 Nf5 40.Bd5 Kf8 41.Rc8 Ke7 42.Rc4 Ng7 43.Bxe4
Ne6 44.Be3 Nc7 45.d5 Nb5 46.Bf3 Kd7 47.a4 Nd6 48.Rc6 Nf5 1-0

Game and short analyze on Lichess.org : https://en.lichess.org/iZ7hDLNI

Exhibition Game

Kaissa vs. Chess 4.6 exhibition game after the tournament, Mikhail Donskoy and Vladimir Arlazarov in front, David Slate, David Cahlander and Larry Atkin behind [8] [9]

[Event "Exhibition game"]
[Site "Toronto, Canada"]
[Date "1977.08.09"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Kaissa"]
[Black "Chess 4.6"]
[Result "0-1"]
 
1.e4 Nc6 2.Nf3 e6 3.d4 d5 4.Bd3 dxe4 5.Bxe4 Bd7 6.O-O Nf6 7.Re1 Nxe4 8.Rxe4 Be7 9.c4 f5 
10.Re1 O-O 11.Nc3 f4 12.Qd3 Qe8 13.g3 fxg3 14.hxg3 Qf7 15.Bf4 g5 16.d5 exd5 17.Nxd5 gxf4 
18.Nxe7+ Nxe7 19.Qxd7 Ng6 20.Qxf7+ Rxf7 21.g4 Rd7 22.Rad1 Rad8 23.Rxd7 Rxd7 24.Kg2 Kg7 
25.Ng5 Rd2 26.Rb1 Rc2 27.b3 Ne5 28.Rh1 Rxa2 29.Rh4 Nd3 30.Nh3 Rb2 31.g5 Kg8 32.Nxf4 Rxf2+ 
33.Kg3 Rxf4 34.Rxf4 Nxf4 35.Kxf4 Kf7 36.b4 Ke6 37.Ke4 a6 38.Kf4 Kd6 39.Ke4 c5 40.bxc5+ 
Kxc5 41.Kd3 a5 42.Kc3 a4 43.Kd3 Kb4 44.Kc2 Kxc4 0-1 {resigned}

See also

• ECCC 1976

Publications

• Jim Kaplan (1977). Let's go, big beige machine! Sports Illustrated, August 22, 1977, Vol. 47, No. 8, p. 42
• Barend Swets (1977). Computers in de opmars. Schakend Nederland 09-1977 (Dutch), pdf hosted by Hein Veldhuis » Bs6676
• Peter Jennings (1978). The Second World Computer Chess Championships - Where KAISSA Founders on a Bug and CHESS 4.6 Conquers All. BYTE, Vol. 3, No. 1
• Barend Swets, Editor (1978). News on the Toronto Tournament.Personal Computing, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 103
• Editor (1978). Tumult at the Toronto Tournament.Personal Computing, Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 98
• Editor (1978). Flashes from the Chess Wars. Personal Computing, Vol. 2, No. 6, pp. 87
• Editor (1978). Cyber 176 tops Toronto Chess Tournament. Personal Computing, Vol. 2, No. 7, pp. 79
• Editor (1978). Toronto Tournament Concludes. Personal Computing, Vol. 2, No. 8, pp. 81
• Editor (1978). Toronto Tally. Personal Computing, Vol. 2, No. 9, pp. 82 » Master, Duchess
• Eric Hallsworth (1999) The World Computer Chess Championship: No 2. Selective Search 84, pp. 24, pdf hosted by Mike Watters

Forum Posts

• Looking for a position by Aaron Tay, CCC, December 02, 2001

External Links

• 2nd World Computer Chess Championship from the ICGA Tournament Database
• Schach-Programme holen auf, October 28, 1977, Computerwoche (German)
• 1977 World Computer Chess Championship, Toronto, Canada, The Computer History Museum
  Footage excerpted from Novaepisode 0509The Mind Machines, March 22, 1978, Frequency Video, Free video on archive.org : https://archive.org/details/themindmachines
  
  Watch more Chess Tournament videos on Frequency

References

1. ^ 1977 World Computer Chess Championship, Toronto, Canada, Footage excerpted from Nova episode 0509 The Mind Machines, 1978, The Computer History Museum
   David Levy: The crowd tonight is absolutely phenomenal, I've never seen a crowd like this before at a computer chess tournament and there's certainly about twice as many people here as ever go to watch the US Open Championship or the United States Closed Championship, even when Fischer was playing. I think that probably most of you are having a good laugh tonight and you're here out of curiosity, but in a few years time you'll be here because these programs are playing better then the masters and grand masters in the US championship.
2. ^ ICGA Tournament site
3. ^ 2nd World Computer Chess Championship 1977 CSVN tournament site
4. ^ World Computer Chess Championship - 2nd WCCC - 1977 Toronto by Mark Weeks
5. ^ Peter Jennings (1978). The Second World Computer Chess Championships - Where KAISSA Founders on a Bug and CHESS 4.6 Conquers All. BYTE, Vol. 3, No. 1
6. ^ Toronto 1977 - Chess - Round 1 - Game 1 (ICGA Tournaments)
7. ^ Looking for a position by Aaron Tay, CCC, December 02, 2001
8. ^ Personal Computing, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 112, Photo courtesy of D'Arcy Glionna, of Daniels and Glionna, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, hosted by the Internet Archive
9. ^ Game notation from David Levy, Monroe Newborn (1982, 1983). All About Chess and Computers. Springer, More Chess and Computers, Computer Chess Tournaments

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