Alexandre Linhares

**[[Home]] * [[People]] * Alexandre Linhares**
|| [[image:AlexandreLinhares.jpg width="220" link="http://www.clubofrome.org/?p=910"]] ||~   || **Alexandre Linhares**,
a Brazilian computer scientist, research professor of [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_administration|public]] and [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_administration|business administration]] at [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escola_Brasileira_de_Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_P%C3%BAblica_e_de_Empresas|Escola Brasileira de Administração Pública e de Empresas]], [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Get%C3%BAlio_Vargas|Fundação Getúlio Vargas]] (FGV), [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro|Rio de Janeiro]] <ref>[[http://www.intuition-sciences.com/linhares|linhares - www]]</ref> , and currently director-general of the Brazilian Chapter of the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_of_Rome|Club of Rome]]. His research interests include [[Cognition|cognition]] in chess, where he is a critique of [[William Chase|Chase]] and [[Herbert Simon|Simon's]] heavily quoted work [[William Chase#Perception|Perception in chess]] <ref>[[William Chase]], [[Herbert Simon]] (**1973**). //[[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0010028573900042|Perception in chess]]//. [[http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/622807/description#description|Cognitive Psychology]], Vol. 4, No. 1, [[http://matt.colorado.edu/teaching/highcog/fall8/cs73.pdf|pdf]]</ref> , controversial debated by [[Fernand Gobet]] et al. <ref>[[http://www.capyblanca.com/2007/10/chase-and-simon-1973-perception-in.html|The Human Intuition Project: Chase and Simon (1973) Perception in chess, Cognitive Psychology 4:55-81. A scientific blunder]] by [[Alexandre Linhares]], October 01, 2007</ref> <ref>[[Peter Lane]], [[Fernand Gobet]] (**2011**). //[[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0732118X10000474|Perception in chess and beyond: Commentary on Linhares and Freitas (2010)]]//. [[http://www.journals.elsevier.com/new-ideas-in-psychology/|New Ideas in Psychology]], Vol. 29, No. 2</ref> . ||
|| Alexandre Linhares <ref>[[http://www.clubofrome.org/?p=910|Associate Member | THE CLUB OF ROME]]</ref> ||~   ||^   ||
[[toc]]
=The Nature of Chunks= 
The debate is about the nature of [[Chunking|chess chunks]]. One possibility states that chunks are built by encoding particular combinations of pieces-on-squares (POSs), and that chunks are formed mostly by “close” pieces (in a “Euclidean” sense). A complementary hypothesis, as proposed by [[Alexandre Linhares]] and [[Paulo Brum]] <ref>[[Alexandre Linhares]], [[Paulo Brum]] (**2007**). //[[http://perticles.blogspot.de/2008/01/linhares-brum-cognitive-science-2007.html|Understanding our understanding of strategic scenarios: What role do chunks play]]//. Cognitive Science, Vol. 31, 989-1007. [[http://csjarchive.cogsci.rpi.edu/2007v31/6/HCOG_A_270264_O_NLM/HCOG_A_270264_O.pdf|pdf]]</ref> , is that chunks are encoded by abstract, semantic information such as given in following positions, the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fool%27s_mate|Fool's mate]] and its “most economical” representation, as given by [[http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1n_Jen%C5%91|Jenő Bán]] <ref>[[http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1n_Jen%C5%91|Jenő Bán]] (**1997**). //The tactics of endgames//. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_Publications|Dover Publications]], ISBN-13: 978-0486297057, [[http://www.amazon.com/The-Tactics-End-Games-Jeno-Ban/dp/0486297055|amazon.com]]</ref> :
|| [[image:http://webchess.freehostia.com/diag/chessdiag.php?fen=rnb1kbnr/pppp1ppp/8/4p3/6Pq/5P2/PPPPP2P/RNBQKBNR%20w%20KQkq&size=medium&coord=yes&cap=no&stm=yes&fb=no&theme=classic&color1=E3CEAA&color2=635147&color3=000000]] ||~   || [[image:http://webchess.freehostia.com/diag/chessdiag.php?fen=8/8/8/8/8/6b1/2k1P3/4KB2%20w%20-&size=medium&coord=yes&cap=no&stm=yes&fb=no&theme=classic&color1=E3CEAA&color2=635147&color3=000000]] ||
||= rnb1kbnr/pppp1ppp/8/4p3/6Pq/5P2/PPPPP2P
/RNBQKBNR w KQkq - ||~   ||= 8/8/8/8/8/6b1/2k1P3/4KB2 w - - ||

=See also= 
* [[Chunking]]
* [[Cognition]]
* [[Psychology]]

=Selected Publications= 
<ref>[[http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/pers/hd/l/Linhares:Alexandre.html|DBLP: Alexandre Linhares]]</ref>
* [[Alexandre Linhares]] (**2005**). //[[http://www.springerlink.com/content/q37162q218w6ggm3/|An Active Symbols Theory of Chess Intuition]]//. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minds_and_Machines|Minds and Machines]], Vol. 15, No. 2
* [[Alexandre Linhares]], [[Paulo Brum]] (**2007**). //[[http://perticles.blogspot.de/2008/01/linhares-brum-cognitive-science-2007.html|Understanding our understanding of strategic scenarios: What role do chunks play]]//. Cognitive Science, 31, 989-1007. [[http://csjarchive.cogsci.rpi.edu/2007v31/6/HCOG_A_270264_O_NLM/HCOG_A_270264_O.pdf|pdf]]
* [[Merim Bilalić]], [[Fernand Gobet]] (**2007**). //They do what they are told to do: The influence of instruction on (chess) expert perception - Commentary on Linhares and Brum (2007).// Cognitive Science. [[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/preprints/Chunks_and_instruction_short-3.pdf|pdf]]
* [[Alexandre Linhares]], [[Paulo Brum]] (**2009**). //[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21585485|How Can Experts See the Invisible? Reply to Bilalic and Gobet]]//. Cognitive Science, Vol 33, No. 5
* [[Alexandre Linhares]], [[Anna Elizabeth T. A. Freitas]] (**2010**). //[[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0732118X09000403|Questioning Chase and Simon's (1973) “Perception in chess”: The “experience recognition” hypothesis]]//. [[http://www.journals.elsevier.com/new-ideas-in-psychology/|New Ideas in Psychology]], Vol. 28, No. 1
* [[Peter Lane]], [[Fernand Gobet]] (**2011**). //[[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0732118X10000474|Perception in chess and beyond: Commentary on Linhares and Freitas (2010)]]//. [[http://www.journals.elsevier.com/new-ideas-in-psychology/|New Ideas in Psychology]], Vol. 29, No. 2
* [[Neil Charness]] (**2012**). //[[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0732118X11000766|Patterns of theorizing about chess skill - Commentary on Linhares and Freitas (2010) and Lane and Gobet (2011)]]//. [[http://www.journals.elsevier.com/new-ideas-in-psychology/|New Ideas in Psychology]], Vol. 30, No. 3
* [[Alexandre Linhares]], [[Anna Elizabeth T. A. Freitas]], [[http://www.cs.newcastle.edu.au/~mendes/|Alexandre Mendes]], [[http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/pers/hd/s/Silva:Jarbas_S=.html|Jarbas S. Silva]] (**2012**). //[[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389041710000847|Entanglement of perception and reasoning in the combinatorial game of chess: Differential errors of strategic reconstruction]]//. [[http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/journals/cogsr/cogsr13.html#LinharesFMS12|Cognitive Systems Research, Vol. 13]], No 1, 72-86

=External Links= 
* [[http://www.intuition-sciences.com/linhares|linhares - www]]
* [[http://www.mendeley.com/profiles/alexandre-linhares/|Alexandre Linhares - Research Professor, The Getulio Vargas Foundation | Mendeley]]
* [[http://ebape.fgv.br/corpo-docente/alexandre-linhares|Alexandre Linhares | EBAPE / FGV]]
* [[http://www.clubofrome.org/?p=910|Associate Member | THE CLUB OF ROME]]
* [[http://www.capyblanca.com/2007/10/chase-and-simon-1973-perception-in.html|The Human Intuition Project: Chase and Simon (1973) Perception in chess, Cognitive Psychology 4:55-81. A scientific blunder]] by [[Alexandre Linhares]], October 01, 2007
* [[http://de.slideshare.net/linhares|Alexandre linhares presentations]]
* [[http://br.linkedin.com/in/alexandrelinhares|Alexandre Linhares - Brasil | LinkedIn]]
* [[https://twitter.com/alelinhares|alexandre Linhares (alelinhares) on Twitter]]

=References= 
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=What links here?= 
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