CHREST

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**CHREST**, (Chunk Hierarchy and REtrieval STructures)
a [[Cognition|cognitive architecture]] that models human [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception|perception]], [[Learning|learning]], [[Memory|memory]], and [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_solving|problem solving]]. It is distinctive in its emphasis on the importance of perception and [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention|attention]], and in following human constraints such as limitations on [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-term_memory|short-term memory]], [[Chunking|chunking]] and processing speed. [[Fernand Gobet]] is principal investigator of CHREST, influenced by the earlier [[EPAM]] model, originally designed by [[Herbert Simon]] and [[Edward Feigenbaum]] <ref>[[Edward Feigenbaum]] (**1959**). //[[http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P1817.html|An Information Processing Theory of Verbal Learning]]//. [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAND_Corporation|RAND Paper]]</ref> <ref>[[Edward Feigenbaum]], [[Herbert Simon]] (**1984**). //[[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0364021384800051|EPAMlike models of recognition and learning]]//. [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_Science_Society|Cognitive Science]], Vol. 8, 305-336, [[http://csjarchive.cogsci.rpi.edu/1984v08/i04/p0305p0336/MAIN.PDF|pdf]]</ref>. 

CHREST consists of a blending of ideas proposed in earlier computer models of different aspects of chess <ref>[[Fernand Gobet]] (**1993**). //[[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/papers/ModelChessMem/Chess%20Memory.html|A Computer Model of Chess Memory]].// Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 463-468</ref>, [[Mater]] by [[George Baylor|Baylor]] and [[Herbert Simon|Simon]] <ref>[[George Baylor|George W. Baylor]], [[Herbert Simon|Herbert A. Simon]] (**1966**). //[[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1464182.1464233&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE|A chess mating combinations program]]//.  [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Federation_of_Information_Processing_Societies|AFIPS]]</ref>, [[Perceiver]] by [[Michael Barenfeld|Barenfeld]] and Simon <ref>[[Herbert Simon]], [[Michael Barenfeld]] (**1969**). //[[http://libra.msra.cn/Publication/36921984/information-processing-analysis-of-perceptual-processes-in-problem-solving|Information-processing analysis of perceptual processes in problem solving]]//. Psychological Review, Vol. 76, No. 5</ref>, and [[MAPP]] by [[Kevin J. Gilmartin|Gilmartin]] and Simon <ref>[[Herbert Simon]], [[Kevin J. Gilmartin]] (**1973**). //A Simulation of Memory for Chess Positions//. Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 5, pp. 29-46.</ref> and originated from modeling work on chess expertise.

=CHUMP=
One application of CHREST was the [[Pattern Learning|pattern learning]] chess program [[CHUMP]] by Gobet and [[Peter Jansen]] <ref>[[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Jansen]] (**1994**). //[[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/~hsstffg/abstracts/chess_program.html|Towards a Chess Program Based on a Model of Human Memory]].// [[Advances in Computer Chess 7]]</ref> , where an [[Eye Movements|eye movement]] simulator, the only part of the system where the rules of the game influence the learning process, scans the board, and directs its attention to [[Pieces|pieces]] and [[Squares|squares]] it expects, given the current node in its discrimination net, attack, defense and [[Distance|proximity relations]] between pieces.

=Architecture= 
|| [[image:architecture.png width="480" link="http://www.chrest.info/design.html"]] ||
|| An overview of the architecture of CHREST <ref>[[http://www.chrest.info/design.html|Design of CHREST]]</ref> ||

=See also=
* [[CHUMP]] 
* [[Chunking]]
* [[EPAM]]
* [[MAPP]]
* [[Perceiver]]

=Publications= 
* [[Fernand Gobet]] (**1993**). //[[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/papers/ModelChessMem/Chess%20Memory.html|A Computer Model of Chess Memory]].// Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 463-468.
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Jansen]] (**1994**). //[[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/abstracts/chess_program.html|Towards a Chess Program Based on a Model of Human Memory]].// [[Advances in Computer Chess 7]]
* [[Adriaan de Groot]], [[Fernand Gobet]] (**1996**). //[[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/abstracts/deGroot_abstract.html|Perception and memory in chess]]. Heuristics of the professional eye.// Assen: Van Gorcum, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-232-2949-5. Chapter 9; A discussion: Two authors, two different views? [[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/preprints/DeGroot_Gobet_Chapter_9.doc|word reprint]].
> [[image:DeGroot-Perception.JPG link="http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/abstracts/deGroot_abstract.html"]]
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Herbert Simon]] (**2000**). //[[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1207/s15516709cog2404_4/abstract|Five Seconds or Sixty? Presentation Time in Expert Memory]]//. [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_Science_Society|Cognitive Science]], Vol. 24, No. 4 
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Lane]], [[http://my.ilstu.edu/%7Esfcroke/|Steve Croker]], [[http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/%7Eley/db/indices/a-tree/c/Cheng:Peter_C=_H=.html|Peter C-H. Cheng]], [[http://www.ntu.ac.uk/apps/Profiles/53951-1-4/Dr_Gary_Jones.aspx|Gary Jones]], [[http://ijosblog.blogspot.de/2012_02_01_archive.html|Iain Oliver]], [[http://www.liv.ac.uk/psychology-health-and-society/staff/julian-pine/|Julian M. Pine]] (**2001**). //[[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661300016624|Chunking mechanisms in human learning]]//. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 6
* [[Fernand Gobet]] (**2001**). //Is Experts' Knowledge Modular?// Proceedings of the 23rd Meeting of the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_Science_Society|Cognitive Science Society]], [[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/~hsstffg/papers/CogSci-2001-DAPCS.pdf|pdf]]
* [[Pertti Saariluoma]], [[Tei Laine]] (**2001**). //[[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-9450.00223/abstract|Novice construction of chess memory]]//. [[http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Scandinavian_Journal_of_Psychology|Scandinavian Journal of Psychology]], Vol. 42, No. 2
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Lane]] (**2004**). //[[http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/2134|CHREST tutorial: Simulations of human learning]]//. [[http://www.cogsci.northwestern.edu/cogsci2004/|CogSci 2004]]
* [[Fernand Gobet]] (**2005**). //[[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acp.1110/abstract|Chunking Models of Expertise: Implications for Education]]//. Applied Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 19, No. 2
* [[Fernand Gobet]] (**2007**). //Chunk hierarchies and retrieval structures: Comments on Saariluoma and Laine. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 42//. [[http://dspace.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/806/1/Saariluoma_Laine_reply.pdf|pdf]]
* [[Richard L. Smith]], [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Lane]] (**2007**). //[[http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/1064|An Investigation into the Effect of Ageing on Expert Memory with CHREST]]//. UKCI 2007
* [[Peter Lane]], [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Richard L. Smith]] (**2008**). //[[http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/2963|Attention mechanisms in the CHREST cognitive architecture]]//. Proc. of the 5th International Workshop on Attention in Cognitive Systems
* [[Roy W. Roring III]] (**2008**). //Reviewing Expert Chess Performance: A Production-Based Theory of Chess Skill//. Ph.D. thesis, advisor [[Neil Charness]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_State_University|Florida State University]]
* [[Richard L. Smith]], [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Lane]] (**2009**). //[[http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/3503|Checking chess checks with chunks: A model of simple check detection]]//. [[http://sideshow.psyc.bbk.ac.uk/rcooper/iccm2009/proceedings/|ICCM 2009]]

=External Links= 
* [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHREST|CHREST from Wikipedia]]
* [[http://www.chrest.info/|CHREST Home]]
* [[http://www.chrest.info/design.html|Design of CHREST]]
* [[http://www.psyc.nott.ac.uk/research/credit/projects/CHREST/|CHREST - Centre for Research in Development, Instruction and Training]] - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nottingham|University of Nottingham]]
* [[Videos#FloraPurim|Flora Purim]] - Open Your Eyes You Can Fly, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube|YouTube]] Video
> [[Videos#FloraPurim|Flora Purim]], [[Videos#GeorgeDuke|George Duke]], [[http://www.davidamaro.com/|David Amaro]], [[Videos#AlphonsoJohnson|Alphonso Johnson]], [[Videos#AirtoMoreira|Airto Moreira]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_%22Ndugu%22_Chancler|Leon "Ndugu" Chancler]]
> [[media type="custom" key="24224564"]]

=References= 
<references />
=What links here?= 
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