Chess Champion MK I

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GerdIsenberg GerdIsenberg Jul 31, 2015 

**[[Home]] * [[Engines]] * Chess Champion MK I**
|| [[image:NovCCM1.jpg width="340" link="http://www.xs4all.nl/%7Etluif/chescom/EngNovCCM1.html"]] ||~   || The **Chess Champion MK I** was [[Novag|Novag's]] first [[Dedicated Chess Computers|dedicated chess computer]] released in September 1978. It had a [[Fairchild F8]] 8-Bit processor running at 1.78 MHz, with 2 KiB [[Memory#ROM|ROM]] and 256 byte [[Memory#RAM|RAM]]. 

The program was a [[Clones|clone]] of the //Data Cash Systems Inc.// [[CompuChess]] program, which was developed by [[David B. Goodrich]] & Associates <ref>[[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/CompuChess|CompuChess]] from [[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En|Schachcomputer.info - Wiki]]</ref> , while other sources assume [[David Levy]] was involved in the development <ref>[[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/scisys_and_novag___the_early_y.html|Scisys and Novag : The Early Years]] from [[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html|Chess Computer UK]] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref> <ref>[[http://www.xs4all.nl/%7Etluif/chescom/EngNovCCM1.html|Chess Champion Mk 1]] by [[http://www.xs4all.nl/%7Etluif/|Tom Luif]]</ref> . 

Since the cloned software was already more than a year old, it was a weak program even for that early time. Additionally the program could only play with Black, accepted illegal moves, and could even play without Kings. With its strongest level 6, it usually replied not until several days with a move found <ref>[[http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/09-1978%20%5BC-4626%5D%20Novag%20-%20Chess%20Champion%20MK%20I%20%28A%29%20%28with%20Karpov%20packing%29.pdf|Novag - Chess Champion MK I]] by [[Hein Veldhuis]], Dutch and German pdf</ref>. It was marketed in the US by [[Joseph Sugarman|JS&A]], and in Germany by [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horten_AG|Horten]] <ref>[[http://www.computerwoche.de/heftarchiv/1978/42/1197195/|Horten macht's möglich: Schach-Computer für 250 Mark]], October 13, 1978 [[Computerworld#Woche|Computerwoche]] 42/1978 (German)</ref> and [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quelle_GmbH|Quelle]] in different outward variations <ref>[[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Novag_Chess_Champion_MK_I|Novag Chess Champion MK I]] from [[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En|Schachcomputer.info - Wiki]] (German)</ref>.
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|| Chess Champion MK I <ref>[[http://www.xs4all.nl/%7Etluif/chescom/EngNovCCM1.html|Chess Champion Mk 1]] by [[http://www.xs4all.nl/%7Etluif/|Tom Luif]]</ref> ||~   ||^   ||
[[toc]]
=Karpov Challenge[[#KarpovChallenge]]= 
The MK I was sold in the USA by [[Joseph Sugarman|Joseph Sugarman's]] company as //JS&A Chess computer//. They challenged [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship|World Champion]] [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoly_Karpov|Anatoly Karpov]] and offered him $50,000 and a percentage of each unit sold. Karpov first rejected, and later accepted to endorse the game, but offered to let //JS&A// spend the money on advertisement to spread the word <ref>[[http://books.google.de/books?id=fgEAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&source=bl&ots=eaMgfAOx-j&sig=RtU-YrzsPWpN_-C_YkWrcIv3vy4&hl=en&ei=nhgeTZy5EsjEswalyIj7DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false|Karpov Accepts - Popular Science March 1979 - Google Books]]</ref> <ref>[[http://books.google.com/books?id=p_d3HYsgR8wC&pg=PA73&lpg=PA73&dq=Karpov+%22JS%26A%22&source=bl&ots=jUvejvOnXG&sig=dYZwxXmNWq7usu-35GqQlm0Os7U&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#v=onepage&q=Karpov%20%22JS%26A%22&f=false|The Adweek copywriting handbook: the ultimate guide to writing powerful ... - Google Books]] by [[Joseph Sugarman]]</ref> . 

=Legal Actions=
[[#DataCashSystemsvsJS&A]]
==Data Cash Systems vs JS&A== 
In 1979 //Data Cash Systems// took legal action against //JS&A// for breach of copyright <ref>[[http://www2.newpaltz.edu/%7Ezuckerpr/cases/data-chs.htm|DATA CASH Systems, Inc. v. JS&A Group, Inc., et al. ]]</ref> , which failed because it transpired that the copyright had not been adequately protected in terms of USA law <ref>[[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/scisys_and_novag___the_early_y.html|Scisys and Novag : The Early Years]] from [[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html|Chess Computer UK]] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref> <ref>[[http://itlaw.wikia.com/wiki/Data_Cash_Systems_v._JS%26A_Group|Data Cash Systems v. JS&A Group - The IT Law Wiki]]</ref> <ref>[[http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=2740925334562415320|Data Cash Systems, Inc. v. JS&A GROUP, INC., 480 F. Supp. 1063 - Dist. Court, ND Illinois 1979 - Google Scholar]]</ref> <ref>[[http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=6047525544656937218|Data Cash Systems, Inc. v. JS&A GROUP, INC., 628 F. 2d 1038 - Court of Appeals, 7th Circuit 1980 - Google Scholar]]</ref>.
[[#KarpovsAdvertisement]]
==Karpov's Endorsement== 
In the meantime [[Peter Auge]] had made his own arrangements with [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoly_Karpov|Anatoly Karpov]], presumably with connections to [[FIDE]] president [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florencio_Campomanes|Florencio Campomanes]] and [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Kinzel|Alfred Kinzel]], president of the [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutscher_Schachbund|German Chess Federation]] <ref>[[http://www.chessbase.de/events/events.asp?pid=273|125 Jahre Deutscher Schachbund]], May 11, 2002, [[ChessBase|ChessBase Events]] (German)</ref> <ref>[[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13516468.html|Risse im Netz]], [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel|Der Spiegel]] 44/1985, October 28, 1985, (German) [[http://wissen.spiegel.de/wissen/image/show.html?did=13516468&aref=image036/2006/06/13/cq-sp198504402490252.pdf|pdf]]</ref>, who was also involved the weak computer was distinguished in Germany with a "King's Diplom" <ref>[[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-39867523.html|Schachcomputer: Markt und Müll]], [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel|Der Spiegel]] 49/1979, December 03, 1979, (German) [[http://wissen.spiegel.de/wissen/image/show.html?did=39867523&aref=image035/E0513/PPM-SP197904901190131.pdf|pdf]]</ref>. Karpov appeared as advisor on the original Novag MK I boxes <ref>[[http://www.schachcomputer.at/mk1.htm|Novag Chess Champion MK 1]] from [[http://www.schachcomputer.at/index.htm|Kurt´s Schachcomputer Homepage]] by [[Kurt Kispert]] (German)</ref> <ref>[[http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/09-1978%20%5BC-4626%5D%20Novag%20-%20Chess%20Champion%20MK%20I%20%28A%29%20%28with%20Karpov%20packing%29.pdf|Novag - Chess Champion MK I]] by [[Hein Veldhuis]], Dutch and German pdf</ref>. The internals of Karpov's Novag advertisement salaries, not only for the MK I, but also subsequently the [[Chess Champion MK II]] <ref>[[http://electronicchess.free.fr/images/mk2.jpg|CHESS CHAMPION MK II]] with Karpov on the box, from [[http://electronicchess.free.fr/prehistory.html|My Chess Computers - Prehistory]]</ref>, and [[Chess Champion Super System III]] <ref>[[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/scisys_and_novag___the_early_y.html|Scisys and Novag : The Early Years]] from [[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html|Chess Computer UK]] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref>, went public during the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1985|World Chess Championship 1985]] when a first [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel|Spiegel]] article appeared in September 30, 1985, which according to Karpov was discrediting him, and the disturbance of the [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schachweltmeisterschaft_1985#Der_Fall_Jungwirth|Jungwirth case]] <ref>[[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schachweltmeisterschaft_1985#Der_Fall_Jungwirth|Der Fall Jungwirth - Schachweltmeisterschaft 1985 from Wikipedia.de]] (German)</ref><ref>[[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13532173.html|Die Affäre kostete mich den Titel]], [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel|Der Spiegel]] 52/1988, December 26, 1988, (German) [[http://wissen.spiegel.de/wissen/image/show.html?did=13532173&aref=image036/2006/05/15/cq-sp198805201340140.pdf|pdf]]</ref> was allegedly one reason he lost the title to [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov|Kasparov]], losing three of nine games short after in October 1985. Karpov's former German representative Helmut Jungwirth <ref>[[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-41252029.html|Weißer Bauer zieht]], [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel|Der Spiegel]] 19/1976, May 03, 1976, (German) [[http://wissen.spiegel.de/wissen/image/show.html?did=41252029&aref=image035/E0530/PPM-SP197601902120214.pdf|pdf]]</ref> was impeached of misappropriation of Karpov's salary afterwards <ref>[[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13523099.html|Anatolij Karpow]], [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel|Der Spiegel]] 1/1987, December 29, 1986, (German) [[http://wissen.spiegel.de/wissen/image/show.html?did=13523099&aref=image036/2006/06/12/cq-sp198700101130113.pdf|pdf]]</ref>. Accordant to a further Spiegel article <ref>[[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13530454.html|Toljas teure Sprüche]], [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel|Der Spiegel]] 33/1988, August 15, 1988, (German) [[http://wissen.spiegel.de/wissen/image/show.html?did=13530454&aref=image036/2006/05/15/cq-sp198803301420147.pdf|pdf]]</ref>, Peter Auge had transcribed 22 checks to Jungwirth, in total $446,177.50 from December 8, 1978 to January 17, 1981. Jungwirth claimed he paid Karpov partly cash and was also endowed for other services, which Karpov categorical denied at a hearing of witnesses in Berlin <ref>[[http://suche.abendblatt.de:8000/article.php?url=/ha/1988/xml/19881201xml/habxml881012_10033.xml|Haftstrafe für Helmut Jungwirth]], [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger_Abendblatt|Hamburger Abendblatt]], December 01, 1988 (German)</ref>.
|| [[image:CCmk1.jpg link="http://www.schachcomputer.at/mk1.htm"]] ||
|| Novag Chess Champion MK 1, German Edition, Box with Karpov Endorsement
and "King's Diplom" from the [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutscher_Schachbund|German Chess Federation]] <ref>[[http://www.schachcomputer.at/mk1.htm|Novag Chess Champion MK 1]] from [[http://www.schachcomputer.at/index.htm|Kurt´s Schachcomputer Homepage]] by [[Kurt Kispert]] (German)</ref> ||

=See also=
* [[Chess Champion MK II]]
* [[Chess Champion Super System III]]
* [[CompuChess]]
* [[Joseph Sugarman|JS&A Chess Computer]]

=Publications= 
* [[http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/09-1978%20%5BC-1001%5D%20Novag%20-%20Chess%20Champion%20MK%20I%20%28A%29%20%28with%20Spassky%20packaging%29.pdf|Novag - Chess Champion MK I (with Spassky packaging)]] pdf by [[Hein Veldhuis]]
* [[http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/09-1978%20%5BC-4626%5D%20Novag%20-%20Chess%20Champion%20MK%20I%20%28A%29%20%28with%20Karpov%20packaging%29.pdf|Novag - Chess Champion MK I (A) (with Karpov packaging)]] pdf by [[Hein Veldhuis]]
* [[http://alain.zanchetta.free.fr/docs/NovagMKIDE.pdf|Betriebsanleitung Schach Computer Chess Champion MK I]]
* [[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-40605713.html|Partner für einsame Anfänger]], [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel|Der Spiegel]] 40/1978, October 02, 1978 (German) 
* [[http://www.computerwoche.de/heftarchiv/1978/42/1197195/|Horten macht's möglich: Schach-Computer für 250 Mark]], October 13, 1978 [[Computerworld#Woche|Computerwoche]] 42/1978 (German)
* [[http://www.computerwoche.de/heftarchiv/1978/44/1197290/|Boris Spassky testete den "Chess-Champion MK 1 " von Horten: Der kleine Großmeister in der Aktentasche]] October 27, 1978 [[Computerworld#Woche|Computerwoche]] 44/1978 (German)
* [[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-39867523.html|Schachcomputer: Markt und Müll]], [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel|Der Spiegel]] 49/1979, December 03, 1979, (German) [[http://wissen.spiegel.de/wissen/image/show.html?did=39867523&aref=image035/E0513/PPM-SP197904901190131.pdf|pdf]]
* [[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13523099.html|Anatolij Karpow]], [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel|Der Spiegel]] 1/1987, December 29, 1986, (German) [[http://wissen.spiegel.de/wissen/image/show.html?did=13523099&aref=image036/2006/06/12/cq-sp198700101130113.pdf|pdf]]
* [[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13530454.html|Toljas teure Sprüche]], [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel|Der Spiegel]] 33/1988, August 15, 1988, (German) [[http://wissen.spiegel.de/wissen/image/show.html?did=13530454&aref=image036/2006/05/15/cq-sp198803301420147.pdf|pdf]]
* [[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13532173.html|Die Affäre kostete mich den Titel]], [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel|Der Spiegel]] 52/1988, December 26, 1988, (German) [[http://wissen.spiegel.de/wissen/image/show.html?did=13532173&aref=image036/2006/05/15/cq-sp198805201340140.pdf|pdf]]

=External Links= 
* [[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/scisys_and_novag___the_early_y.html|Scisys and Novag : The Early Years]] from [[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html|Chess Computer UK]] by [[Mike Watters]]
* [[http://mess.redump.net/mess:drivers:mk1:mk1|Chess Champion MK I]] from [[http://mess.redump.net/|MESS Wiki!]] (Multi Emulator Super System)
* [[http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/schaakcomputers/Novag/chess2.php?item=1&merk=Novag|Novag MK 1]] by [[Hein Veldhuis]]
* [[http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/schaakcomputers/Novag/chess1.php?item=29&merk=Novag|Novag MK 1 Folder]] by [[Hein Veldhuis]]
* [[http://www.xs4all.nl/%7Etluif/chescom/EngNovCCM1.html|Chess Champion Mk 1]] by [[http://www.xs4all.nl/%7Etluif/|Tom Luif]]
* [[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Novag_Chess_Champion_MK_I|Novag Chess Champion MK I]] from [[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En|Schachcomputer.info - Wiki]] (German)
* [[http://www.schachcomputer.at/mk1.htm|Novag Chess Champion MK 1]] from [[http://www.schachcomputer.at/index.htm|Kurt´s Schachcomputer Homepage]] by [[Kurt Kispert]] (German)
* [[http://www.meca-web.es/museo/novagmk1/novagmk1.htm|NOVAG MK 1]] from [[http://www.meca-web.es/museo.htm|Museo Computadoras]] (Spanish)
* [[http://electronicchess.free.fr/images/chesschampion-mk1.jpg|CHESS CHAMPION MK1]] first German release with [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Spassky|Boris Spassky]] as advisor, from [[http://electronicchess.free.fr/prehistory.html|My Chess Computers - Prehistory]]
* [[http://electronicchess.free.fr/images/chesschampion-mk1f.jpg|CHESS CHAMPION MK1]] French release with Karpov on the box, from [[http://electronicchess.free.fr/prehistory.html|My Chess Computers - Prehistory]]

=References= 
<references />
=What links here?= 
[[include component="backlinks" page="Chess Champion MK I" limit="80" ]]
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