Doubled Pawn

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**[[Home]] * [[Evaluation]] * [[Pawn Structure]] * Doubled Pawn**

A [[Pawn]] is **doubled** (or, sad to say, tripled) if there are more pawns of the same [[Color|color]] on a given [[Files|file]]. Early programs and papers advocated evaluation it as half a pawn, today the penalty uses to be less severe.

It might be argued that, given a perfect pawn structure evaluation, a term such as doubled pawns would not be needed, since they usually introduce another [[Pawn Structure|pawn structure]] weaknesses: some kind of [[Backward Pawn|backwardness]], lack of a [[Candidate Passed Pawn|candidate passer]] that otherwise would be there etc. However, most [[Evaluation Function|evaluation functions]] do not go into such details as to justify removing this term.

=Types of Doubled Pawns=
[[Hans Berliner]] characterizes doubled pawns by their exchange potential against opponent pawns on adjacent files <ref>[[Hans Berliner]] (**1999**). //The System: A World Champion's Approach to Chess//, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambit_Publications|Gambit Publications]], ISBN 1-901983-10-2</ref><ref>[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubled_pawns#Types_of_doubled_pawns|Types of doubled pawns from Wikipedia]]</ref>:

|| [[image:http://webchess.freehostia.com/diag/chessdiag.php?fen=8/1p6/p3pp1p/8/8/1PP2P1P/1P3P1P/8%20w%20-%20-&size=medium&coord=yes&cap=no&stm=no&fb=no&theme=classic&color1=E3CEAA&color2=635147&color3=000000]] ||~ || {{The doubled pawns on the b-file are the best situation, the f-file pawns are next. The h-file pawns are the worst situation because two pawns are held back by one opposing pawn, so the second pawn has little value.}} ||
|| 8/1p6/p3pp1p/8/8/1PP2P1P/1P3P1P/8 w - -  ||~ ||^ ||
[[#CrippledMajority]]
=Crippled Majority=
A doubled pawn of a so called "crippled" [[Pawn Majority|majority]] devalue that majority. [[Hans Berliner]] on following position in //Some Innovations Introduced by [[HiTech|Hitech]]// <ref>[[Hans Berliner]] (**1987**). //Some Innovations Introduced by Hitech//. [[ICGA Journal|ICCA Journal]], Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 111-117</ref>:

|| [[image:http://webchess.freehostia.com/diag/chessdiag.php?fen=8/1pp2ppp/1p6/8/8/5P2/PPP2PPP/8%20w%20-%20-&size=medium&coord=yes&cap=no&stm=no&fb=no&theme=classic&color1=E3CEAA&color2=635147&color3=000000]] ||~ || {{Our pawn-structure algorithm is quite simple, detecting only isolated and multiple Pawns, and the effect of multiple Pawns on viable pawn majorities. For instance, in Diagram 1 the value of White's doubled Pawn is negligible, while Black's is almost full-valued. This distinction, an innovation, was first introduced in [[Patsoc]] <ref>[[Hans Berliner]] (**1985**). //Computer Chess at [[Carnegie Mellon University]]//. [[Advances in Computer Chess 4]]</ref>, and we were able to adapt the code to make up tables to be loaded into six identical hardware units computing pawn structure in parallel.}} ||
|| 8/1pp2ppp/1p6/8/8/5P2/PPP2PPP/8 w - -  ||~ ||^ ||

=All About Doubled Pawns=
The vast amount of detailed knowledge about doubled pawns, which rarely gets implemented, can be found in the article //All About Doubled Pawns//  by [[Larry Kaufman]] <ref>[[Larry Kaufman]] (**2005**). //[[http://danheisman.com.temp.realssl.com/Articles/doubled_pawns.htm|All About Doubled Pawns]]//. (first published in [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_Life|Chess Life]], May 2005, p.22)</ref>.

=See also= 
* [[Double and Triple (Bitboards)]]
* [[Isolated Pawn]]
* [[Pawn Islands]]
* [[Pawn Majority]]

=Publications=
* [[Larry Kaufman]] (**2005**). //[[http://danheisman.com.temp.realssl.com/Articles/doubled_pawns.htm|All About Doubled Pawns]]//. (first published in [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_Life|Chess Life]], May 2005, p.22)

=Forum Posts=
* [[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=29689|Doubled and Backward Pawn Engine "Definitions"]] by [[Brian Richardson]], [[CCC]], September 07, 2009
* [[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=56682|passed but doubled pawns]] by [[Jon Dart]], [[CCC]], June 15, 2015 » [[Passed Pawn]]
* [[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=60133|Doubled pawns]] by [[Stefano Gemma]], [[CCC]], May 11, 2016

=External Links= 
* [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubled_pawns|Doubled Pawn from Wikipedia]]
* [[http://danheisman.com.temp.realssl.com/Articles/doubled_pawns.htm|All About Doubled Pawns]] by IM [[Larry Kaufman]]
* [[http://www.jeremysilman.com/chess_orlov_middlegame/040731_doubled_pawns_strength.html|Doubled Pawns Strength and weakness]] by [[http://www.jeremysilman.com/chess_orlov_edgm/orlov_bio.html|Georgi Orlov]]
* [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81stor_Piazzolla|Ástor Piazzolla]] - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milonga_Del_Angel|Tristezas de un Doble A]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreux_Jazz_Festival|Montreux Jazz Festival]], 1985 [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube|YouTube]] Videos
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=References= 
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=What links here?= 
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