Eliot Hearst

**[[Home]] * [[People]] * Eliot Hearst**
[[toc]]

**Eliot Sanford Hearst**, (July 7, 1932)
an American [[Psychology|psychologist]] with a Ph.D. from [[Columbia University]] in 1956 under [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_N._Schoenfeld|William N. Schoenfeld]], distinguished professor of psychology at [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_University|Indiana University]], Columbia University, and the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Arizona|University of Arizona]], chess player and [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Chess_Federation|USCF]] [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_master|Master]], and in the 60s chess columnist at [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_Life|Chess Life]]. Eliot Hearst won the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_State_Chess_Association|New York State Championship]] in 1950 and went on to become one of the best chessplayers in the USA in the 50s, and was participant in the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Chess_Championship|US Championship tournaments]] in 1954 and 1961 <ref>[[http://blog.chess.com/BobbyFischersPhotos/nailbiting---part-2|Mysterious Nailbiting - Part 2]], [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess.com|Chess.com]]</ref>. His 1977 contribution //Man and machine: Chess achievements and chess thinking// in [[Peter W. Frey|Peter W. Frey's]] [[Chess Skill in Man and Machine]] <ref>[[Eliot Hearst]] (**1977**). //Man and Machine: Chess Achievements and Chess Thinking//. [[Chess Skill in Man and Machine]]</ref> evaluates the status of computer chess at that time from the perspective of someone very knowledgeable with the game <ref>[[http://www.amazon.com/Chess-Skill-Machine-Peter-Frey/dp/0387908153|Chess Skill in Man and Machine (Paperback)]] from [[http://www.amazon.com/|amazon.com]]</ref>.

=Rosenwald Tournament 1956=
Eliot Hearst holds the distinction of defeating [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer|Bobby Fischer]] in the final round of the October 1956 Rosenwald Tournament <ref>[[http://blog.chess.com/BobbyFischersPhotos/third-rosenwald-1956---nailbiting-bobby|Third Rosenwald 1956 - Nailbiting!]],  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess.com|Chess.com]]</ref>, just three rounds after Fischer had played his "[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Game_of_the_Century_%28chess%29|Game of the Century]]" against [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Byrne|Donald Byrne]] <ref>[[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1044031|Robert James Fischer vs Eliot Sanford Hearst (1956)]] from [[http://www.chessgames.com/index.html|chessgames.com]]</ref>:
[[code]]
[Event "Rosenwald Tournament"]
[Site "New York"]
[Date "1956.10.24"]
[Round "11"]
[White "Robert James Fischer"]
[Black "Eliot Sanford Hearst"]
[Result "0-1"]

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Bc5 4.O-O Nd4 5.Nxd4 Bxd4 6.c3 Bb6 7.d4 c6 
8.Ba4 d6 9.Na3 Nf6 10.Re1 Qe7 11.Bg5 h6 12.Bh4 g5 13.Bg3 h5 14.f3 h4 
15.Bf2 g4 16.Nc4 g3 17.hxg3 hxg3 18.Bxg3 Nh5 19.Bh2 Bc7 20.Ne3 Qh4 
21.Qd2 Bd7 22.Bb3 Rh7 23.Qf2 Qg5 24.Rad1 Nf4 25.Bxf4 exf4 26.Nf5 O-O-O
27.Kf1 Rh2 28.Bxf7 d5 29.Rd2 Rf8 30.Qg1 Rh7 31.exd5 Rhxf7 32.dxc6 Bxc6 
33.d5 Bb5+ 34.Ree2 Rxf5 35.Qxa7 Rxd5 36.c4 Bxc4 37.Qa8+ Bb8 38.Rc2 Rc5 
39.Ke1 Bxe2 40.Qa5 Qg3+ 0-1
[[code]]

=Photos=
==Columbia College Chess Team==
|| [[image:ColumbiaCollageTeam1952.jpg]] ||
|| The [[Columbia University|Columbia College]] chess team of 1949–1952 after a radio match with [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_University|Yale]]. 
Right to left: [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Sherwin|James Sherwin]], [[Eliot Hearst]], [[http://www.chess.com/chessopedia/view/burger-karl|Carl Burger]], [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Mechner|Francis Mechner]] <ref>Image from [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Mechner|Francis Mechner]] (**2010**). //Chess as a behavioral model for cognitive skill research: Review of Blindfold Chess by Eliot Hearst and John Knott//. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, Vol. 94, No. 3, pp. 373-386, [[http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jeab/articles/2010/jeab-94-03-0373.pdf|pdf]], (Courtesy of the Columbia University Archives)</ref> ||

==Marshall Chess Club==
|| [[image:bobbyfischer_eliothearst.jpg width="560" link="http://andrewhearst.com/blog/2007/08/hearst_vs_bobby_fischer"]] ||
|| [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer|Bobby Fischer]] and Eliot Hearst, a casual game in August 1962 at the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Chess_Club|Marshall Chess Club]] <ref>[[http://andrewhearst.com/blog/2007/08/hearst_vs_bobby_fischer|Hearst vs. Bobby Fischer]] by [[http://andrewhearst.com/|Andrew Hearst]], son of Eliot Hearst</ref>   ||

=Blindfold Chess=
Hearst's and John Knott's book on [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindfold_chess|Blindfold chess]] <ref>[[Eliot Hearst]], [[http://www.newinchess.com/John_Knott-pa-1449.html|John Knott]] (**2008**). //Blindfold Chess: history, psychology, techniques, champions, world records and important games//. McFarland & Company</ref> <ref>[[http://www.blindfoldchess.net/|Blindfold Chess: History, Psychology, Techniques, Champions, World Records, and Important Games]]</ref> was the winner of the //Fred Cramer Award// for the Best Chess Book of 2009 <ref>[[http://www.mark-weeks.com/aboutcom/aa04k20.htm|Award Winning Chess Books]]</ref>, sponsored by the [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Chess_Federation|U.S. Chess Federation]], the //Chess Journalists of America// <ref>[[http://chessjournalism.org/|CJA -- Chess Journalists of America]]</ref>, and the //U.S. Chess Trust// <ref>[[http://www.uschesstrust.org/|U.S. Chess Trust]]</ref>. A review was published by Hearst's fellow and former [[Columbia University|Columbia College]] chess team member [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Mechner|Francis Mechner]] in 2010 <ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Mechner|Francis Mechner]] (**2010**). //Chess as a behavioral model for cognitive skill research: Review of Blindfold Chess by Eliot Hearst and John Knott//. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, Vol. 94, No. 3, pp. 373-386, [[http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jeab/articles/2010/jeab-94-03-0373.pdf|pdf]]</ref>. The blindfold champions quoted by Hearst and Knott describe what they do in these terms:
* no mental pictures
* abstract knowledge
* I know where the pieces are
* only an abstract type of representation
* only relationships
* no real picture
* the significance of a piece
* knowing what combination or plan is in progress
* lines of force
* pieces are only friend or foe, carriers of particular actions
* sort of formless visions of the positions

=Selected Publications=
* [[Eliot Hearst]] (**1962**). //A Gentle Glossary//. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_Life|Chess Life]] <ref>[[http://www.edcollins.com/chess/glossary.htm|A Chess Glossary]]</ref> <ref>[[http://www.chessblog.com/2011/12/funny-chess-definitions-for-chess.html|Alexandra Kosteniuk's Chess Blog | Funny chess definitions for a chess Wednesday!]]</ref>
* [[Eliot Hearst]] (**1977**). //Man and Machine: Chess Achievements and Chess Thinking//. [[Chess Skill in Man and Machine]] 
* [[Eliot Hearst]] (ed.) (**1979**). //The First century of experimental psychology//. L. Erlbaum Associates, [[http://www.amazon.com/The-First-Century-Experimental-Psychology/dp/0470268158|amazon.com]]
* [[Eliot Hearst]] (**1997**). //William Nathan Schoenfeld (1915–1996): Innovative Scientist, Inspiring Teacher, Relentless Questioner, Complicated Man//.  Journal of the Experimental Analysis and Behavior, Vol. 67, No. 1, [[http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jeab/articles_selected/1997/hearst-67-1.pdf|pdf]] <ref>[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_N._Schoenfeld|William N. Schoenfeld from Wikipedia]]</ref>
* [[Christopher Chabris]], [[Eliot Hearst]] (**2003**). //Mentalizing, Pattern Recognition and Forward Search: Effects of Playing Speed and Sight of the Position on Grandmaster Chess Errors//. [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_Science_Society|Cognitive Science]], Vol. 27, pp. 637–648.
* [[Eliot Hearst]], [[http://www.newinchess.com/John_Knott-pa-1449.html|John Knott]] (**2008**). //Blindfold Chess: history, psychology, techniques, champions, world records and important games//. McFarland & Company, [[http://www.amazon.com/Blindfold-Chess-Psychology-Techniques-Champions/dp/0786434449/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1352286178&sr=1-1|amazon.com]] <ref>[[http://www.blindfoldchess.net/|Blindfold Chess: History, Psychology, Techniques, Champions, World Records, and Important Games]]</ref> 

=External Links=
* [[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=19205|The chess games of Eliot Sanford Hearst]] from [[http://www.chessgames.com/index.html|chessgames.com]]
* [[http://www.365chess.com/players/Eliot_Sanford_Hearst|Eliot Sanford Hearst chess games - 365Chess.com]]
* [[http://andrewhearst.com/blog/2007/08/hearst_vs_bobby_fischer|Hearst vs. Bobby Fischer]] by [[http://andrewhearst.com/|Andrew Hearst]]
* [[http://blog.chess.com/BobbyFischersPhotos/third-rosenwald-1956---nailbiting-bobby|Third Rosenwald 1956 - Nailbiting!]],  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess.com|Chess.com]]
* [[http://blog.chess.com/BobbyFischersPhotos/nailbiting---part-2|Mysterious Nailbiting - Part 2]], [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess.com|Chess.com]]
* [[http://www.blindfoldchess.net/|Blindfold Chess: History, Psychology, Techniques, Champions, World Records, and Important Games]]
> [[http://www.blindfoldchess.net/blog/2010/04/a_video_interview_with_eliot_hearst/|An Audio Interview With Eliot Hearst]]

=References= 
<references />
=What links here?= 
[[include page="Eliot Hearst" component="backlinks" limit="50" ]]
**[[People|Up one level]]**