J. Biit

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|| [[image:Everest_kalapatthar_crop.jpg link="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest"]] ||~   || **J. Biit**,
[[Hans Berliner|Hans Berliner's]] first chess program, written in the late 60s in [[PL 1|PL/I]] to ran on an [[IBM 360|IBM System/360]] [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computer|mainframe computer]] <ref>[[George Atkinson]] (**1998**). //[[http://books.google.com/books?id=ZuTvVo4zo6oC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Chess+and+machine+intuition#v=onepage&q&f=false|Chess and Machine Intuition]]//. (Intellect Ltd.) pp 61</ref> . It played the [[ACM 1970|First United States Computer Chess Championship]] 1970 in [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City|New York City]], and won versus [[Awit|Wita]], lost from [[Chess (Program)|Chess 3.0]] and drew [[Coko|Coko III]]. 

Along with [[Daly CP]], J. Biit was one of the first chess programs operated through a [[GUI|Graphical User Interface]]. The UI was written at [[Columbia University]] for the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_2250|IBM 2250 Display Unit]], and later evolved along with J. Biit to become the [[CCCP (US)|Columbia Computer Chess Program]] dubbed CCCP <ref>[[http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/elliott-frank.html#cccp|Recollections of CUCC 1968-70 -The CCCP Chess Program]]</ref>.

J. Biit is the acronym of "Just Because it is there", probably in dependance of the famous quote <ref>[[http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/George_Mallory|George Mallory - Because it is there - Wikiquote]]</ref> by English mountaineer [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Mallory|George Mallory]], having replied to the question "Why do you want to climb [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest|Mount Everest]]?". ||
|| Just Because it is there <ref>Everest from [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kala_Patthar|Kala Patthar]] in [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal|Nepal]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everest|Mount Everest from Wikipedia]]</ref> ||~   ||^   ||
[[toc]]
=Description=
J. Biit was a selective search ([[Type B Strategy|Shannon type B]]) program <ref>Description based on [[http://web.archive.org/web/20071221115817/http://classicchess.googlepages.com/Chess.htm|Classic Computer Chess - ... The programs of yesteryear]] by [[Carey Bloodworth|Carey]], hosted by the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]]</ref> that places considerable emphasis on chess knowledge and restricting the number of positions to be examined, as it scored only 30-100 positions during a search using [[Alpha-Beta|alpha-beta]] and [[Incremental Updates|incremental board updating]]. The program was developed in [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/I|PL/I]] on the [[IBM 360|IBM 360/65]] at [[Carnegie Mellon University|CMU]], but was unable to use that system for the [[ACM 1970|1970 ACM tournament]]. Since the 360 line was supposedly compatable, Kenneth M. King <ref>[[http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/7090.html|The IBM 7090]]</ref> offered the services of [[Columbia University|Columbia's]] more powerful IBM 360/91. Unfortunately they discovered that it wasn't as compatable as expected and Berliner and assistants spent two rather frantic weeks making program changes. It used about 200 [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibibyte|Kibibyte]] of [[Memory|memory]] and was about 3500 PL/I statements. The program searches a very small tree. Berliner claimed that, on average, only 30 nodes were examined for a move that required 65 seconds of computation. It used a "[[Quiescence Search|free form of search which terminated in quiescent positions]] ... (with) the only bound being the absolute depth limit of 14 ply." It searched two plies for begining and [[Middlegame|middle games]], and 4 plies for [[Endgame|end games]] .

=Quotes= 
[[Hans Berliner]] in his Oral History, March 2005 <ref>[[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/related_materials/oral-history/hans_berliner.oral_history.2005.102630824/index.php?iid=orl-43343bb768f00|Oral History of Hans Berliner]], Interviewed by: [[http://www.computerhistory.org/trustee/gardner-hendrie|Gardner Hendrie]], Recorded: March 7, 2005, [[The Computer History Museum]], [[http://archive.computerhistory.org/projects/chess/related_materials/oral-history/hans_berliner.oral_history.2005.102630824/berliner.oral_history_transcript.2005.103630824.pdf|pdf]], pp. 12-13</ref> :
|| {{And I wrote a program which actually played chess. And I did it in the way [[Richard Greenblatt|Greenblatt]] said it ought to be done}} <ref>[[Richard Greenblatt]], [[Donald Eastlake]] and [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Crocker|Stephen D. Crocker]] (**1967**). //The Greenblatt Chess Program//. Proceedings of the AfiPs Fall Joint Computer Conference, Vol. 31, pp. 801-810.</ref> {{. It wasn’t anywhere’s near as good a [[Mac Hack|Greenblatt’s program]] and I wasn’t really a very good programmer obviously, since that was the first time I had written a program...}}

{{So it played. Let’s see, I’ve got to get the timeline right here. Now this was in 1970. Now in 1970 I had already left IBM. I left IBM in 1969, and went to [[Carnegie Mellon University|Carnegie Mellon]] as a doctoral student.}}

{{And, of course, their attraction with [[Allen Newell|Newell]] and [[Herbert Simon|Simon]] was they would like to find somebody to push their ideas further forward, and that was me. And so I had this program which, in retrospect, was pretty woesome.}} ||
=See also=
* [[Various Classifications#Acronym|Acronym]]

=Publications=
* [[Hans Berliner]] (**1970**). //Experiences Gained in Constructing and Testing a Chess Program//. [[IEEE]] Symposium System Science and Cybernetics, reprinted in [[David Levy]] (ed.) (**1988**). //[[http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4613-8716-9|Computer Games I]]//. 

=External Links=
==Chess Program==
* [[http://web.archive.org/web/20071221115817/http://classicchess.googlepages.com/Chess.htm|Classic Computer Chess - ... The programs of yesteryear]] by [[Carey Bloodworth|Carey]], hosted by the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Archive|Internet Archive]] <ref>[[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=56938&start=2|Re: Old programs CHAOS and USC]] by [[Dann Corbit]], [[CCC]], July 11, 2015</ref>
==Misc==
* [[Videos#MichaelHedges|Michael Hedges]] - Because It's There <ref>[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomi_Uemura|Naomi Uemura from Wikipedia]]</ref>, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube|YouTube]] Video
> July 1986 at the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_Trap_National_Park_for_the_Performing_Arts|Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts]] in [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna,_Virginia|Vienna, Virginia]] 
> [[media type="youtube" key="jN3439l4HR0?rel=0" height="360" width="480"]]

=References= 
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=What links here?= 
[[include page="J. Biit" component="backlinks" limit="40"]]
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