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**[[Home]] * [[Tournaments|Tournaments and Matches]] * Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1997**
After the [[Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1996]] match, which was won with a score of 4–2 by [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov|Garry Kasparov]], a rematch was agreed. It took place in [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City|New York City]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York|New York]], May [[Timeline#1997|1997]], and to a big surprise for most spectators [[Deep Blue]] won the rematch by 3½-2½ <ref>[[https://www.research.ibm.com/deepblue/watch/html/c.shtml|IBM research: Games, pgn and logs]]</ref>. Despite Kasparov's win of game 1 in a great style, he did not recover after the shock by Deep Blues' play in game 2, when Kasparov resigned a possibly drawn position after Deep Blue's 45. Ra6 <ref>[[http://en.chessbase.com/post/komodo-8-deep-blue-revisited-part-one|Komodo 8: Deep Blue revisited (part one)]] by [[Albert Silver]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], December 26, 2014</ref> <ref>[[http://www.chess.com/blog/FirebrandX/kasparov---deep-blue-1997-everyone-was-wrong|Kasparov - Deep Blue 1997: History gets it wrong!]] by FirebrandX, July 21, 2010, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess.com|Chess.com]]</ref> <ref>[[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=64627|Kasparov-Deep Thought 1997 (second game)]] by Franco Kanizsa, [[CCC]], July 16, 2017</ref>. In the final decisive game 6, Kasparov seemed rather indisposed and blundered in the early opening by confusing the order of moves in the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caro-Kann_Defence|Caro-Kann]] with 7...h6 instead of 7...Bd6, 8...h6 <ref>[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Blue_versus_Kasparov,_1997,_Game_6|Deep Blue versus Kasparov, 1997, Game 6 - Wikipedia]]</ref>.
With hindsight the match was a huge advertisement and media hype for [[IBM]] rather than a "scientific" prove of machines supremacy versus humans in chess. Kasparov accused IBM of cheating and demanded a rematch <ref>[[http://www.chesscenter.com/twic/feng.html|The Week in Chess Magazine: Open Letter from Feng-hsiung Hsu]]</ref>, but IBM declined and retired Deep Blue. It never competed again.
[[#TheMachine]]
=The Machine=
In 2013, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donmar_Warehouse|Donmar Warehouse]] announced a new international collaboration with [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_International_Festival|Manchester International Festival]] and [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Avenue_Armory|Park Avenue Armory, New York]]. To be performed in [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester|Manchester]], July, 10-21 <ref>[[http://www.mif.co.uk/event/the-machine|The Machine Starring Hadley Fraser and Francesca AnnisWritten by Matt Charman, directed by Josie Rourke]]</ref>, and [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City|New York City]], September 4-18 <ref>[[http://www.armoryonpark.org/programs_events/detail/the_machine|The Machine : Program & Events : Park Avenue Armory]]</ref>, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josie_Rourke|Josie Rourke]] directs award-winning playwright [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Charman|Matt Charman’s]] play <ref>[[http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2013/may/24/matt-charman-the-machine|Manchester International Festival 2013 | Q&A Matt Charman]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian|The Guardian]], May 24, 2013</ref>, THE MACHINE <ref>[[http://hiarcs.net/forums/viewtopic.php?t=5953|The Machine]] by [[Harvey Williamson]], [[Computer Chess Forums|Hiarcs Forum]], May 11, 2013</ref>.
|| [[image:Kenneth Lee as FengHsiung Hsu in The Machine Photo by Helen Maybanks 7.jpg width="640" link="http://www.donmarwarehouse.com/whats-on/the-machine"]] ||
|| Kenneth Lee <ref>[[http://www.therep.org/attend/productions/actor/default.aspx?id=79|Kenneth Lee from Arkansas Repertory Theatre]]</ref> as [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]] <ref>Photo by [[http://www.helenmaybanks.com/|Helen Maybanks]], [[http://www.donmarwarehouse.com/whats-on/the-machine|The Machine - New York - Donmar Warehouse]]</ref> ||
||~ ||
|| [[image:TheMachine.jpg width="640" link="http://hiarcs.net/forums/viewtopic.php?p=59722#59722"]] ||
|| [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadley_Fraser|Hadley Fraser]] as [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov|Garry Kasparov]] <ref>Photo by [[http://www.helenmaybanks.com/|Helen Maybanks]], [[http://www.donmarwarehouse.com/whats-on/the-machine|The Machine - New York - Donmar Warehouse]]</ref> <ref>[[http://hiarcs.net/forums/viewtopic.php?p=59722#59722|Re: The Machine]] by [[Harvey Williamson]], [[Computer Chess Forums|Hiarcs Forum]], July 22, 2013</ref>||
{{In 1997, Garry Kasparov, the world’s greatest chess player, arrived in New York City for the biggest match of his life. His opponent wasn’t a fellow Grandmaster but a faceless super-computer, Deep Blue, built by tech-giant IBM in a bid to raise its profile and its stock price. An international celebrity and the undisputed master of his art, Kasparov came to America for freedom and glory. What he didn’t expect to confront was the lifelong dedication of another man, Deep Blue’s wunderkind inventor Doctor Hsu. Both geniuses, they staked their reputation on the tournament. What followed was one of the most compelling stories of our time}} <ref>[[http://www.donmarwarehouse.com/whats-on/the-machine|The Machine - New York - Donmar Warehouse]]</ref> <ref>[[http://www.northernsoul.me.uk/the-machine/|The Machine]]</ref>.
[[#Games]]
=Games=
* [[http://chessprogramming.wikispaces.com/space/showimage/kasparov_deepblue_1997.pgn|Plain PGN-text]]
=See also=
* [[History#ComputerChess|Computer Chess - A Movie]]
* [[Kasparov versus Deep Thought 1989]]
* [[Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1996]]
* [[Kasparov versus Deep Junior 2003]]
=Selected Publications=
* [[Jonathan Schaeffer]], [[Aske Plaat]] (**1997**). //[[http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~jonathan/PREVIOUS/Grad/Papers/db.html|Kasparov versus Deep Blue: The Rematch]]//. [[ICGA Journal#20_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 20, No. 2]]
* [[Tony Marsland]], [[Yngvi Björnsson]]. (**1997**). //From MiniMax to Manhattan//. In Deep Blue Versus Kasparov: The Significance for Artificial Intelligence. AAAI Workshop, pp. 31–36, 1997. [[http://www.ru.is/faculty/yngvi/pdf/MarslandB97.pdf|pdf]]
* [[Fernand Gobet]] (**1997**). //[[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/~hsstffg/papers/DeepBlue.html|Can Deep Blue make us happy? Reflections on Human and Artificial Expertise]]//. [[http://www.dblp.org/db/conf/aaai/aaai1997w6.html|AAAI Workshop: Deep Blue Versus Kasparov: The Significance for Artificial Intelligence 1997]]
* [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Seirawan|Yasser Seirawan]], [[Herbert Simon]], [[Toshinori Munakata]] (**1997**). //[[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=257878|The Implications of Kasparov vs. Deep Blue]]//. [[ACM#Communications|Communications of the ACM]], Vol. 40, No. 8, [[http://archive.computerhistory.org/projects/chess/related_materials/text/5-4.The_implications_of_deep_blue_vs_kasparov/5-4.The_implications_of_deep_blue_vs_kasparov.simon_seirawan.1997.ACM.062303057.sm.pdf|pdf]] hosted from [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Dennett|Daniel C. Dennet]] (**1997**). //Can Machines Think? Deep Blue and Beyond//. [[ICGA Journal#20_4|ICCA Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4]]
* [[Richard Korf]] (**1997**). //Does DEEP BLUE use Artificial Intelligence?// [[ICGA Journal#20_4|ICCA Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4]]
* [[Eric Hallsworth]] (**1997**). //Deep[er] Blue2 vs Gary Kasparov - IBM Challenge - the Re-Match//. [[Selective Search]] 70, pp. 19, [[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/SS_70.pdf|pdf]] hosted by [[Mike Watters]]
* [[Gerald Tesauro]] (**2001**). //[[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=644397|Comparison Training of Chess Evaluation Functions]]//. In [[Johannes Fürnkranz]], [[Miroslav Kubat]] (eds.) (**2001**). //[[https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=720|Machines that learn to play games]]//, 117–130, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Science_Publishers|Nova Science Publishers]] » [[Automated Tuning]], [[SCP]], [[Deep Blue]]
* [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]] (**2002**). //[[http://press.princeton.edu/titles/7342.html|Behind Deep Blue]]: Building the Computer that Defeated the World Chess Champion//, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-09065-3
* [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov|Garry Kasparov]] (**2017**). //Deep Thinking: Where Machine Intelligence Ends and Human Creativity Begins//. with contributions by [[Mig Greengard]], [[https://www.amazon.com/Deep-Thinking-Machine-Intelligence-Creativity/dp/161039786X/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&qid=1487863915&sr=8-3&keywords=kasparov|amazons.com]] <ref> [[http://www.open-chess.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=3080|Kasparov says he has new book on DeepBlue and AI coming out]] by [[Mark Watkins|BB+]], [[Computer Chess Forums|OpenChess Forum]], February 04, 2017</ref>
=Forum Posts=
==1997==
* [[http://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.chess.misc/browse_frm/thread/54d9f254848440cb|Kasparov misses a draw with Qe3!]] by Bill Doyle, [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], May 04, 1997
* [[http://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.chess.computer/browse_frm/thread/a49f01a6832f200f#|Deep Blue-Part III]] by Keith Ian Price, [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], May 10, 1998
* [[https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.chess.computer/9JMU18cfAGw/g6aMULp9Ci0J|DEEP BLUE did it...]] by [[Ed Schroder]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], May 12, 1997
* [[http://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.chess.computer/browse_frm/thread/8d9e40f52871cd85#|DB Tweaking Between Games]] by [[Michael Gherrity|Mike Gherrity]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], May 13, 1997
* [[http://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.chess.computer/browse_frm/thread/4b36406ce4053ad5#|Learning necessary for chess champion?]] by [[Michael Gherrity|Mike Gherrity]] from [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], May 16, 1997
* [[http://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.chess.computer/browse_frm/thread/8f38757e26def731|A farce]] by [[Andreas Mader]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], May 21, 1997
* [[http://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=10371|Let's analyze move 36]] by [[Amir Ban]], [[CCC]], October 05, 1997
==1998 ...==
* [[http://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.chess.computer/browse_frm/thread/ff798bc0d17bcecc#|Deep Blue-Part I]] by Keith Ian Price, [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], May 01, 1998
* [[http://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.chess.computer/browse_frm/thread/1d619119f7c3085b#|Deep Blue-Part II]] by Keith Ian Price, [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], May 02, 1998
* [[http://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=18229|Deep Blue afterthoughts]] by [[Ingo Althöfer]], [[CCC]], May 09, 1998
==2000 ...==
* [[http://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=108799|"Techmate" by Garry Kasparov]] by [[José Antônio Fabiano Mendes]], [[CCC]], May 02, 2000 <ref>[[http://www.forbes.com/asap/1999/0222/071.html|Techmate]] by [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov|Garry Kasparov]], February 22, 1999, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes|Forbes.com]]</ref>
* [[http://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=185561|Wanted: Deep Blue vs. today's top programs recap]] by [[Mig Greengard]], [[CCC]], August 25, 2001
* [[http://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=422970|Kasparov [HBR interview] : 'IBM committed a crime against science.']] by [[José Antônio Fabiano Mendes]], [[CCC]], April 26, 2005 <ref>[[http://hbr.org/2005/04/strategic-intensity/ar/1|Strategic Intensity - A Conversation with World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov]] by [[http://www.linkedin.com/pub/diane-coutu/9/111/67a|Diane L. Coutu]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Business_Review|Harvard Business Review]], April 2005</ref>
==2010 ...==
* [[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=45538|Performancerating of Kasparov and Deep Blue in their matches]] by [[Jens Bæk Nielsen]], [[CCC]], October 11, 2012
* [[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=59211|New Pictures from Kasparov vs. Deep Blue]] by [[Steve Maughan]], [[CCC]], February 10, 2016 <ref>[[http://mashable.com/2016/02/10/kasparov-deep-blue/#NdUYEzkSGkqJ|20 years ago, a computer first beat a chess world champion - 1996-1997 The Kasparov-Deep Blue chess matches]] by [[http://www.alexqarbuckle.com/bio|Alex Q. Arbuckle]], February 10, 2016</ref>
* [[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=64158|Scientific American article on Computer Chess]] by [[Mark Lefler]], [[CCC]], June 03, 2017 <ref>[[https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/20-years-after-deep-blue-how-ai-has-advanced-since-conquering-chess/|20 Years after Deep Blue: How AI Has Advanced Since Conquering Chess]] by [[https://www.crunchbase.com/person/larry-greenemeier|Larry Greenemeier]], [[Scientific American]], June 2, 2017</ref> » [[Murray Campbell]], [[Artificial Intelligence]]
* [[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=64627|Kasparov-Deep Thought 1997 (second game)]] by Franco Kanizsa, [[CCC]], July 16, 2017
=External Links=
* [[https://www.research.ibm.com/deepblue/home/html/b.shtml|IBM Research | Deep Blue | Overview]]
* [[http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/deepblue/|IBM100 - Deep Blue]]
* [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Blue_versus_Garry_Kasparov#The_1997_rematch|Deep Blue versus Garry Kasparov - The 1997 rematch - Wikipedia]]
> [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Blue_versus_Kasparov,_1997,_Game_6|Deep Blue versus Kasparov, 1997, Game 6 - Wikipedia]]
* [[http://www.forbes.com/asap/1999/0222/071.html|Techmate]] by [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov|Garry Kasparov]], February 22, 1999, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes|Forbes.com]] <ref>[[http://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=108799|"Techmate" by Garry Kasparov]] by [[José Antônio Fabiano Mendes]], [[CCC]], May 02, 2000</ref>
* [[http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=551|ChessBase: Behind Deep Blue]], a review by [[http://www.uschess.org/msa/MbrDtlMain.php?12338130|James E. DuBois]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], October 13, 2002
* [[http://www.conceptlab.com/uci/2005fall/krapp/turk-kasparov/|Von Kemplen's "The Turk" and IBM's "Deep Blue"]] Conspiracies of a Hidden Human by [[http://www.conceptlab.com/|Garnet Hertz]], November 9, 2005
* [[http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2007/05/murraycampbell_qa|A Decade After Kasparov's Defeat, Deep Blue Coder Relives Victory]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_(magazine)|Wired News]] Interview with [[Murray Campbell]], May 11, 2007
* [[http://en.chessbase.com/post/the-man-vs-the-machine-documentary|The Man vs. The Machine documentary]] by [[Frederic Friedel]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], October 26, 2014
* [[http://en.chessbase.com/post/komodo-8-deep-blue-revisited-part-one|Komodo 8: Deep Blue revisited (part one)]] by [[Albert Silver]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], December 26, 2014 » [[Komodo]] <ref>[[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=54759|Komodo 8: Deep Blue revisited (1/2)]] by [[Graham Banks]], [[CCC]], December 27, 2014</ref>
* [[http://en.chessbase.com/post/komodo-8-deep-blue-revisited-part-two|Komodo 8: Deep Blue revisited (part two)]] by [[Albert Silver]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], December 31, 2014
* [[http://en.chessbase.com/post/komodo-8-deep-blue-revisited-part-three|Komodo 8: Deep Blue revisited (part three)]] by [[Albert Silver]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], January 09, 2015
* [[http://en.chessbase.com/post/deep-blue-s-cheating-move|Deep Blue's cheating move]] by [[Albert Silver]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], February 19, 2015
* [[http://mashable.com/2016/02/10/kasparov-deep-blue/#NdUYEzkSGkqJ|20 years ago, a computer first beat a chess world champion - 1996-1997 The Kasparov-Deep Blue chess matches]] by [[http://www.alexqarbuckle.com/bio|Alex Q. Arbuckle]], February 10, 2016 <ref>[[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=59211|New Pictures from Kasparov vs. Deep Blue]] by [[Steve Maughan]], [[CCC]], February 10, 2016</ref>
* [[https://www.ted.com/talks/garry_kasparov_don_t_fear_intelligent_machines_work_with_them|Garry Kasparov: Don't fear intelligent machines. Work with them]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TED_(conference)|TED Talk]], April 2017
* [[http://theconversation.com/twenty-years-on-from-deep-blue-vs-kasparov-how-a-chess-match-started-the-big-data-revolution-76882|Twenty years on from Deep Blue vs Kasparov: how a chess match started the big data revolution]] by [[https://theconversation.com/profiles/mark-robert-anderson-273683|Mark Robert Anderson]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)|The Conversation]], May 11, 2017
* [[https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/20-years-after-deep-blue-how-ai-has-advanced-since-conquering-chess/|20 Years after Deep Blue: How AI Has Advanced Since Conquering Chess]] by [[https://www.crunchbase.com/person/larry-greenemeier|Larry Greenemeier]], [[Scientific American]], June 2, 2017 <ref>[[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=64158|Scientific American article on Computer Chess]] by [[Mark Lefler]], [[CCC]], June 03, 2017</ref> » [[Murray Campbell]]
=Videos=
* Endgame: Challenging the Master, © 2005 [[The Computer History Museum]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube|YouTube]] Video
> [[media type="youtube" key="5hRNlfAUeEE" width="560"]]
* [[#GameOver]][[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Over:_Kasparov_and_the_Machine|Game Over: Kasparov and the Machine ]], 2003 documentary film by [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikram_Jayanti|Vikram Jayanti]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube|YouTube]] Video
> [[media type="youtube" key="FBzI7y8VNCA" width="560"]]
=References=
<references />
=What links here?=
[[include page="Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1997" component="backlinks" limit="80" ]]
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