Morphy

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|| [[image:PaulmorphyHair.jpg width="200" height="258" link="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Morphy"]] ||~   || **Morphy**,
a chess program by primary author [[John Aker]] <ref>[[http://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=463242|Re: Collector's Corner..The Dedicated Chess Computer Chronicles]] by [[Steve Blincoe|Steve B]], [[CCC]], November 20, 2005</ref> for the [[Dedicated Chess Computers|dedicated chess computer]] [[Module#System|module systems]] [[Great Game Machine]] by [[Applied Concepts]] and the [[Chafitz Modular Game System]]. The program, written in [[6502]] [[Assembly|assembly]] is derived from [[Boris#X|Boris Experimental]], which on the other hand was a continued development of the [[Boris#2.5|Boris 2.5]] aka [[Sargon|Sargon 2.5]] program by [[Kathe Spracklen|Kathe]] and [[Dan Spracklen]] <ref>[[http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/01-1981%20%5BE-4701%5D%20Applied%20Concepts%20-%20Morphy%20Edition%20Master%20Chess%20%28module%29.pdf|Applied Concepts - Morphy Edition Master Chess (module)]] (pdf) by [[Hein Veldhuis]]</ref> . Morphy appeared in 1981, and was intended to play the [[Middlegame|middlegame]], in conjunction with the during game play exchangeable [[Morphy#Gruenfeld|Gruenfeld]] and [[Morphy#Capablanca|Capablanca]] cartridges. 

The trio played the commercial section of the [[WMCCC 1981]], as well the open section as //Applied Concepts X//, both finishing last <ref>[[http://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/program.php?id=502|Gruenfeld/Morphy/Capablanca's ICGA Tournaments]]</ref>. The Applied Concepts personal withdrew both entries after some rounds, due to a bug in the [[Morphy#Capablanca|Capablanca]] module <ref>[[David Levy]] and [[Kevin O’Connell]] (**1981**). //A New World Champion//. Chess, October/November 1981, [[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/publication_archive.html|Publication Archive]] from [[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html|Chess Computer UK]] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref>. ||
|| [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Morphy|Paul Morphy]] <ref>[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Morphy|Paul Morphy from Wikipedia]]</ref> ||~   ||^   ||
[[toc]]
=Morphy Edition= 
Excerpt taken from the Morphy Edition Module User Manual printed in 1981 <ref>[[http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/morphy_module.html|Chafitz Morphy Module Electronic Chess Computer]] from [[The Spacious Mind]]</ref>
|| {{Your new game cartridge reflects the latest state of the art enhancements to high-level strategy game play. Your Morphy Edition of Master Chess is the most recent of a long list of world famous chess programs developed by Applied Concepts, Inc. This MORPHY EIDITION is one of the strongest chess programs commercially available today; and, when played in conjunction with its companion cartridges - Gruenfeld Edition of opening book moves and Capablanca Edition of end-game strategies - on the Great Game Machine's contiguous play function, it is absolutely unmatched in strength of play and strategic excellence!}} ||
[[#Gruenfeld]]
=Gruenfeld= 
|| [[image:Ernst_Gruenfeld.jpg width="200" height="322" link="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Gr%C3%BCnfeld"]] ||~   || The //Gruenfeld Edition// (1981/1982) was a chess [[Opening|opening]] module for the [[Great Game Machine]], [[Chafitz Modular Game System]] and compatibles. It contained an [[Opening Book|opening book]] by chess master [[John Jacobs]] <ref>[[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Chafitz_Gr%C3%BCnfeld_Er%C3%B6ffnungsmodul|Chafitz Grünfeld Eröffnungsmodul]] from [[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En|Schachcomputer.info Wiki]] (German)</ref> and a control program by [[David Slate]] and [[Larry Atkin]] <ref>[[http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/gruenfeld_module.html|Chafitz Gruenfeld Module Electronic Chess Computer]] from [[The Spacious Mind]]</ref>. 

The Gruenfield opening cartridge was made available in June 1981, and covers openings up to move 20. When the book  is exhausted, the system gives a signal, to remove and replace it with Morphy <ref>[[John F. White]] (**1982**). //[[http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2011/01/08/review-morphy-v-champion/|Review-Morphy V Champion]]//. [[Your Computer]], [[http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2010/12/28/january-1982-contents-and-editorial/|January 1982]]</ref>.

 ||
|| [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Gr%C3%BCnfeld|Ernst Grünfeld]] <ref>[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Gr%C3%BCnfeld|Ernst Grünfeld from Wikipedia]]</ref> ||~   ||^   ||
[[#Capablanca]]
=Capablanca= 
|| [[image:280px-Chess_Fever_Kapablanka.jpg width="200" height="160" link="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Capablanca"]] ||~  || The //Capablanca Edition// (1981/1982) was an [[Endgame|endgame]] module for the [[Great Game Machine]] and the [[Chafitz Modular Game System]], programmed by [[David Slate]] and [[Larry Atkin]]. The Capablanca module was part of the trio around the Morphy program <ref>[[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Chafitz_Capablanca_Edition|Chafitz Capablanca Edition]] from [[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En|Schachcomputer.info Wiki]] (German)</ref>. 

The endgame starts when the [[Material|material count]] is less than about 25, counting a queen as 9, a rook as 5, and so on. When this point has been reached, Morphy also gives a signal. Morphy can continue switching in extra end-game routines, or alternatively, Morphy can be taken out and the Capablanca cartridge inserted for a powerful finish. Capablanca has been available since October 1981 <ref>[[John F. White]] (**1982**). //[[http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2011/01/08/review-morphy-v-champion/|Review-Morphy V Champion]]//. [[Your Computer]], [[http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2010/12/28/january-1982-contents-and-editorial/|January 1982]]</ref>. Capablanca was later converted to become the [[Steinitz]] module for [[Great Game Machine]], and [[Chess 7.0]] for the [[Apple II]], [[Atari 8-bit|Atari 800]], and [[Commodore 64]]. Even later it became "How About a Nice Game of Chess" for the Apple IIe <ref>[[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=24419|chess 7.0]] by [[Will Singleton]], [[CCC]], October 16, 2008</ref>.
||
|| [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capablanca|José Raúl Capablanca]] <ref>[[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Capablanca|José Raúl Capablanca from Wikipedia.de]] (German)</ref> ||~  ||^  ||

=See also=
* [[6502]]
* [[Applied Concepts]]
* [[Chafitz]]
* [[Various Classifications#ChessLegend|Chess legends]]
* [[Evaluation Discontinuity]]
* [[Steinitz]]
* [[Tapered Eval]]

=Publications=
<ref>[[http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/01-1981%20%5BE-4701%5D%20Applied%20Concepts%20-%20Morphy%20Edition%20Master%20Chess%20%28module%29.pdf|Applied Concepts - Morphy Edition Master Chess (module)]] (pdf) by [[Hein Veldhuis]]</ref>
* [[Harry Shershow]] (**1981**). //Two New Units In Action//. [[Personal Computing#5_2|Personal Computing, Vol. 5, No. 2]], pp. 91 » [[MCC 1980]], [[John Aker]]
* Larry Cohen (et al.)  (**1981**). //A Guide to Home Chess Computers//. PMK Associates 1981
* [[Jan Louwman]] (**1981**). //Morphy + Great Game Machine//. 06/07-1981, Databus, p. 26-36 
* [[John F. White]] (**1982**). //[[http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2011/01/08/review-morphy-v-champion/|Review-Morphy V Champion]]//. [[Your Computer]], [[http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2010/12/28/january-1982-contents-and-editorial/|January 1982]]

=External Links= 
* [[http://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/program.php?id=502|Gruenfeld/Morphy/Capablanca's ICGA Tournaments]]
* [[http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/morphy_module.html|Chafitz Morphy Module Electronic Chess Computer]] from [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [[http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/morphy_encore.html|Chafitz Morphy Encore Electronic Chess Computer]] from [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [[http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/gruenfeld_module.html|Chafitz Gruenfeld Module Electronic Chess Computer]] from [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [[http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/capablanca_module.html|Chafitz Capablanca Module Electronic Chess Computer]] from [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Chafitz_Morphy_Encore|Chafitz Morphy Encore]] from [[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En|Schachcomputer.info Wiki]] (German)
* [[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Chafitz_Gr%C3%BCnfeld_Er%C3%B6ffnungsmodul|Chafitz Grünfeld Eröffnungsmodul]] from [[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En|Schachcomputer.info Wiki]] (German)
* [[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Chafitz_Capablanca_Edition|Chafitz Capablanca Edition]] from [[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En|Schachcomputer.info Wiki]] (German)
* [[#ChessFever]][[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_Fever|Shakhmatnaya goryachka (Chess Fever)]], 1925, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube|YouTube]] Video
> [[media type="youtube" key="3RXplN1CJnc"]]

=References= 
<references />
=What links here?= 
[[include page="Morphy" component="backlinks" limit="40" ]]
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