Proscha

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**Proscha**,
a mainframe chess program written in [[PL 1|PL/I]] for the [[IBM 370]] by a team of students of the [[University of Dortmund]]. The project was set up end of 1973 as suggested by professor [[Mathematician#VClaus|Volker Claus]]. The team was headed by [[Hagen Huwig]] <ref>[[http://www.linkedin.com/pub/hans-decker/10/37a/b48|Hans Decker]] (**1998**). //EinBlick - Ursprünge der Dortmunder Informatik//. [[http://www.cs.tu-dortmund.de/nps/de/Home/ueber_uns/Historie_der_Dortmunder_Informatik.pdf|pdf]]</ref>, with [[Hans-Jürgen Appelrath]], K. Behle, L. Franzen, N. Schulz, R. Schulz, W. Teschers and [[Oliver Vornberger]] as team members <ref>[[Hagen Huwig]] (**1975**). //[[http://www.worldcat.org/title/bericht-uber-eine-projektgruppe-mit-dem-thema-schachprogrammierung/oclc/632360799|Bericht über eine Projektgruppe mit dem Thema Schachprogrammierung]]//. Bericht Nr. 9, [[University of Dortmund]] (German)</ref>. The aim was not primarily to write a strong chess program but project and team work, structured programming experience, and correctness of the applied algorithms.

=Description=
A formal [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_theory|game theoretic]] description based on a [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite-state_machine|finite state machine]] and pseudo code of a [[Minimax]] implementation was given in [[Hagen Huwig|Hagen Huwig's]] project report <ref>[[Hagen Huwig]] (**1975**). //[[http://www.worldcat.org/title/bericht-uber-eine-projektgruppe-mit-dem-thema-schachprogrammierung/oclc/632360799|Bericht über eine Projektgruppe mit dem Thema Schachprogrammierung]]//. Bericht Nr. 9, [[University of Dortmund]] (German)</ref>, further elaborating on [[Quiescence Search|quiescence]], aspects of the [[Board Representation|board representation]] using a [[10x12 Board|12x12 board]], [[Move Generation#Legal|legal move generation]], and [[Evaluation|heuristic evaluation]] considering [[Material|material]] with [[Point Value|point values]] of {1,3,3,5,9,200}, [[Pawn Structure|pawn structure]], [[Center Control|center control]] and [[King Safety|king safety]]. [[Alpha-Beta|Alpha-beta]] was not mentioned but [[Pruning|forward pruning]] of a [[Type B Strategy|Shannon Type B program]] based on [[SOMA#Swapoff|swapoff]] and king safety analysis. Largest piece of code was the legal move generator, the whole program consists of about 5000 PL/I statements.

=Game Play=
==Volker Claus==
A few test games were published in the report, self-play, and one test game versus [[Mathematician#VClaus|Volker Claus]], time control 45 minutes for the whole game, played via [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Sharing_Option|TSO]]:
[[code]]
[Event "Test Game"]
[Site "University of Dortmund"]
[Date "1974"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Volker Claus"]
[Black "Proscha"]
[Result "1-0"]

1.Nc3 d5 2.Nf3 c5 3.d4 e6 4.Bf4 cxd4 5.Nxd4 Nf6 6.e3 Bc5 7.Ndb5 O-O 
8.Nc7 Bxe3 9.Be5 Bxf2+ 10.Kxf2 Nc6 11.Bxf6 Qxc7 12.Qg4 g6 13.Qh4 Qb6+ 
14.Ke2 Qxb2 15.Qh6 Qxc2+ 16.Ke1 Qb2 17.Qg7#  1-0
[[code]]
[[#bugs]]
==First GI Computer Chess==
Representing the host university, Proscha played the [[First GI Computer Chess Tournament]] <ref>[[http://www.computerwoche.de/heftarchiv/1975/42/1205123/|Erstes Computer-Schachturnier der Gesellschaft für Informatik]] October 17, 1975, [[Computerworld#Woche|Computerwoche]] 42/1975 (German)</ref> <ref>[[Mathematician#Zumkeller|Reinhard Zumkeller]] (**1975**). //Erstes GI Computer-Schach-Turnier, Dortmund 1975//, Bulletin, including a paper by [[Konrad Zuse]]</ref>, lost from [[Daja]] and [[Samiel]], and won from [[Charlie]]. In one of his algorithm lectures on [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verification_and_validation_%28software%29|verification]] and [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correctness_%28computer_science%29|correctness]] <ref>[[http://www-lehre.inf.uos.de/~ainf/2014/index.html|Vorlesung Algorithmen WS 2014/15]], Di, 18.11.2014 Verifikation: partielle Korrektheit, Terminierung, Halteproblem (Algorithmen-Fee), [[http://lernfunk.de/media/19518|mp4 video]] at 3:00</ref>, [[Oliver Vornberger]] mentioned a [[Engine Testing#bugs|bug]] in Proscha despite it was extensively tested over one year, which  appeared exactly during the first round versus [[Daja]], where Proscha captured its own white king with its own white bishop <ref>[[Proscha]] was disrespectful mentioned by [[Daja]] author [[Ludwig Zagler]] as "bastelprogram" (tinker program) in [[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-41238169.html|Schach: Die Zugmaschine]] [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel|Der Spiegel]] 16/1976, April 12, 1976 (German)</ref>.

=Publications=
* [[Hagen Huwig]] (**1975**). //[[http://www.worldcat.org/title/bericht-uber-eine-projektgruppe-mit-dem-thema-schachprogrammierung/oclc/632360799|Bericht über eine Projektgruppe mit dem Thema Schachprogrammierung]]//. Bericht Nr. 9, [[University of Dortmund]] (German)

=External Links= 
* [[http://www.computerwoche.de/heftarchiv/1975/42/1205123/|Erstes Computer-Schachturnier der Gesellschaft für Informatik]] October 17, 1975, [[Computerworld#Woche|Computerwoche]] 42/1975 (German)

=References= 
<references />
=What links here?= 
[[include page="Proscha" component="backlinks" limit="20"]]
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